Immunopathogenetic Features of Measles in Adults: Association of Vaccination Status with Measles-Specific IgM Levels and Cytokine Profile (IL-1β, IL-10)
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- 2Municipal Non-Commercial Enterprise “Center for Infectious Diseases”, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- 3Department of Internal Medicine No. 1, Clinical Immunology and Allergology Named After Academician E.M. Neiko, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- 4Interdepartmental Scientific Laboratory, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
Abstract
Background: The influence of prior measles vaccination on humoral and cytokine immune responses during acute measles in adults remains insufficiently characterized. This study evaluated measles-specific IgM antibody levels, the early dynamics of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10, and their associations with hematological parameters according to documented vaccination status.
Methods: This single-center observational study included 80 adults with clinically compatible measles and positive measles-specific IgM results who were hospitalized 3–5 days after disease onset with moderate or severe illness. Patients were classified as having documented prior measles vaccination (n = 40) or no documented evidence of prior measles vaccination (n = 40). Measles-specific IgM antibodies were measured by ELISA on day 7 after rash onset. Serum IL-1β, IL-10, total leukocyte count, and relative lymphocyte percentage were assessed at admission and on day 3 of hospitalization. Non-parametric statistical methods were applied for group comparisons and correlation analyses. An additional regression analysis was performed to assess between-group differences in IL-10 after adjustment for disease severity.
Results: Patients with documented vaccination had significantly higher measles-specific IgM levels. IL-1β decreased and IL-10 increased significantly from admission to day 3 in both groups, with no between-group differences in IL-1β. In unadjusted analyses, IL-10 was higher in patients without documented vaccination at both time points. After adjustment for disease severity, the IL-10 difference at admission was no longer significant, whereas the difference on day 3 remained significant. Strong positive correlations between IL-1β and IL-10 were observed in both groups, while IgM correlated positively with relative lymphocyte percentage in patients without documented vaccination.
Conclusion: Documented prior measles vaccination was associated with higher measles-specific IgM levels, while the between-group difference in IL-10 on day 3 persisted after adjustment for disease severity. IL-1β dynamics were similar between the groups. These findings demonstrate differences in immune-response patterns between adults with documented prior measles vaccination and those without documented evidence of vaccination, while supporting cautious interpretation of these associations.
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BibTeX
@article{matviiuk2026immunopathogenetic,
title = {{Immunopathogenetic Features of Measles in Adults: Association of Vaccination Status with Measles-Specific IgM Levels and Cytokine Profile (IL-1β, IL-10)}},
author = {Olha Matviiuk and Oleksandra Pryshliak and Oleksandr Boichuk and Ihor Hryzhak and Zoriana Tylishchak and Taras Kobryn and Ruslan Miziuk and Petro Gerych},
journal = {Infection and Drug Resistance},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.2147/idr.s641213},
url = {https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s641213},
note = {CC BY-NC 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Immunopathogenetic Features of Measles in Adults: Association of Vaccination Status with Measles-Specific IgM Levels and Cytokine Profile (IL-1β, IL-10)
AU - Olha Matviiuk
AU - Oleksandra Pryshliak
AU - Oleksandr Boichuk
AU - Ihor Hryzhak
AU - Zoriana Tylishchak
AU - Taras Kobryn
AU - Ruslan Miziuk
AU - Petro Gerych
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/21
JO - Infection and Drug Resistance
DO - 10.2147/idr.s641213
UR - https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s641213
AB - Background: The influence of prior measles vaccination on humoral and cytokine immune responses during acute measles in adults remains insufficiently characterized. This study evaluated measles-specific IgM antibody levels, the early dynamics of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10, and their associations with hematological parameters according to documented vaccination status. Methods: This single-center observational study included 80 adults with clinically compatible measles and positive measles-specific IgM results who were hospitalized 3–5 days after disease onset with moderate or severe illness. Patients were classified as having documented prior measles vaccination (n = 40) or no documented evidence of prior measles vaccination (n = 40). Measles-specific IgM antibodies were measured by ELISA on day 7 after rash onset. Serum IL-1β, IL-10, total leukocyte count, and relative lymphocyte percentage were assessed at admission and on day 3 of hospitalization. Non-parametric statistical methods were applied for group comparisons and correlation analyses. An additional regression analysis was performed to assess between-group differences in IL-10 after adjustment for disease severity. Results: Patients with documented vaccination had significantly higher measles-specific IgM levels. IL-1β decreased and IL-10 increased significantly from admission to day 3 in both groups, with no between-group differences in IL-1β. In unadjusted analyses, IL-10 was higher in patients without documented vaccination at both time points. After adjustment for disease severity, the IL-10 difference at admission was no longer significant, whereas the difference on day 3 remained significant. Strong positive correlations between IL-1β and IL-10 were observed in both groups, while IgM correlated positively with relative lymphocyte percentage in patients without documented vaccination. Conclusion: Documented prior measles vaccination was associated with higher measles-specific IgM levels, while the between-group difference in IL-10 on day 3 persisted after adjustment for disease severity. IL-1β dynamics were similar between the groups. These findings demonstrate differences in immune-response patterns between adults with documented prior measles vaccination and those without documented evidence of vaccination, while supporting cautious interpretation of these associations.
SN - 1178-6973
ER -