Reachability and exact controllability of linear Stieltjes differential systems
Abstract
We study reachability and exact controllability for systems driven by a nondecreasing left-continuous Stieltjes derivator whose measure may have continuous, singular-continuous and atomic parts, while flat intervals represent inactivity. We construct an evolution family and post-jump variation-of-constants formula, and characterize the reachable subspace as the essential span of input directions. For constant coefficients, the Kalman condition is necessary for every derivator and, under regressivity, sufficient when the derivator is continuous and nonconstant on a subinterval. If the measure is purely atomic with exactly N positive atoms, the reachable subspace is the truncated Krylov space generated by B,AB,…,AN−1B; for a Kalman-controllable pair, the minimum atom count among purely atomic derivators equals the controllability index. At the threshold count, one vanishing mass with the others converging to positive finite limits causes Gramian degeneration and worst-case energy blow-up; at or above threshold, compact positive mass ranges yield uniform coercivity. A mixed double-integrator example illustrates the results.
Related
- Vanishing Events and Regularity-Conditioned Reachability in Linear Stieltjes Systems
- Null-controllability for some linear parabolic systems with controls acting on different parts of the domain and its boundary
- Boundary approximate controllability of some linear parabolic systems
- Scalable Reachability Analysis of Linear Continuous Systems with Property-Driven Time-Step Adaptation
- A Unified Kalman-Type Classification of Controllability for Linear Stochastic Systems
BibTeX
@misc{fernandez2026reachability,
title = {{Reachability and exact controllability of linear Stieltjes differential systems}},
author = {Francisco J. Fernández},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.00161},
eprint = {2610.00161},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00161},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Reachability and exact controllability of linear Stieltjes differential systems
AU - Francisco J. Fernández
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.00161
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.00161
AB - We study reachability and exact controllability for systems driven by a nondecreasing left-continuous Stieltjes derivator whose measure may have continuous, singular-continuous and atomic parts, while flat intervals represent inactivity. We construct an evolution family and post-jump variation-of-constants formula, and characterize the reachable subspace as the essential span of input directions. For constant coefficients, the Kalman condition is necessary for every derivator and, under regressivity, sufficient when the derivator is continuous and nonconstant on a subinterval. If the measure is purely atomic with exactly N positive atoms, the reachable subspace is the truncated Krylov space generated by B,AB,…,A^N−1B; for a Kalman-controllable pair, the minimum atom count among purely atomic derivators equals the controllability index. At the threshold count, one vanishing mass with the others converging to positive finite limits causes Gramian degeneration and worst-case energy blow-up; at or above threshold, compact positive mass ranges yield uniform coercivity. A mixed double-integrator example illustrates the results.
ER -