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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Frontiers in Endocrinology

The association between obesity index and hypertension in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

  • Yuwei Xing1
  • Yishan Yin2
  • Qianqian Zhao1
  • Lili Zhang1
  • Xian Xiu1
  1. 1Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang
  2. 2Department of Orthopedics, The Armed Police Forces Hospital of Shandong
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Abstract

Background: The present study explored the association between the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) and hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects.

Methods: A total of 4,155 T2DM individuals were enrolled from the Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang in this cross-sectional investigation. We employed multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling, threshold effect assessment, and stratified subgroup analyses. Missing covariates were addressed through multiple imputation, while complete-case data were used for sensitivity evaluation.

Results: Among 4,155 participants (68.5% hypertensive), CVAI and LAP were positively associated with hypertension (P for trend < 0.001). Q4 vs. Q1 OR was 3.27 (95% CI: 2.66–4.02) for CVAI and 3.01 (95% CI: 2.43–3.72) for LAP. RCS evaluation demonstrated a significant nonlinear relationship between LAP and hypertension (P for non-linearity < 0.001), identifying a threshold value of 44.187 (95% CI: 42.141–46.233). CVAI showed linear associations in both sexes (P for non-linearity: 0.177 males, 0.055 females). Subgroup analyses showed consistent associations across strata (all P for interaction > 0.05).

Conclusions: CVAI and LAP are associated with hypertension in T2DM patients. LAP exhibits a nonlinear relationship with a threshold effect at approximately 44.2.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{xing2026association,
  title = {{The association between obesity index and hypertension in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study}},
  author = {Yuwei Xing and Yishan Yin and Qianqian Zhao and Lili Zhang and Xian Xiu},
  journal = {Frontiers in Endocrinology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fendo.2026.1998153},
  url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2026.1998153/full},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - The association between obesity index and hypertension in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
AU  - Yuwei Xing
AU  - Yishan Yin
AU  - Qianqian Zhao
AU  - Lili Zhang
AU  - Xian Xiu
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/27
JO  - Frontiers in Endocrinology
DO  - 10.3389/fendo.2026.1998153
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2026.1998153/full
AB  - Background: The present study explored the association between the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) and hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects.  Methods: A total of 4,155 T2DM individuals were enrolled from the Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang in this cross-sectional investigation. We employed multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling, threshold effect assessment, and stratified subgroup analyses. Missing covariates were addressed through multiple imputation, while complete-case data were used for sensitivity evaluation.  Results: Among 4,155 participants (68.5% hypertensive), CVAI and LAP were positively associated with hypertension (P for trend < 0.001). Q4 vs. Q1 OR was 3.27 (95% CI: 2.66–4.02) for CVAI and 3.01 (95% CI: 2.43–3.72) for LAP. RCS evaluation demonstrated a significant nonlinear relationship between LAP and hypertension (P for non-linearity < 0.001), identifying a threshold value of 44.187 (95% CI: 42.141–46.233). CVAI showed linear associations in both sexes (P for non-linearity: 0.177 males, 0.055 females). Subgroup analyses showed consistent associations across strata (all P for interaction > 0.05).  Conclusions: CVAI and LAP are associated with hypertension in T2DM patients. LAP exhibits a nonlinear relationship with a threshold effect at approximately 44.2.
SN  - 1664-2392
ER  -