Rydberg Atomic Quantum Receiver Empowered Hybrid Non-orthogonal Multiple Access
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel uplink Hybrid Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) architecture assisted by Rydberg Atomic Quantum Receivers (RAQRs) to improve energy efficiency by addressing the physical constraints of atomic sensing. We formulate a joint optimization problem encompassing phase measurements and multi-user power allocation to minimize the total transmit power. This problem is particularly challenging due to the non-linear amplitude-only observations of atomic vapor cells. To decomposes the resulting non-convexity, we develop a hierarchical three-layer decomposition optimization framework that systematically decouples the global problem. The inner layer employs a customized Expectation Maximization-Gerchberg-Saxton (EM-GS) algorithm to resolve phase ambiguity and estimate equivalent channel gains. The middle layer derives closed-form optimal power allocation solutions via Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. The outer layer utilizes linear Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) detection for high-reliability signal recovery. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework over conventional RF-based Hybrid NOMA. Notably, the atomic architecture achieves approximately a 93% reduction in total power consumption compared to Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) baselines while maintaining strict backward compatibility, thereby laying a solid foundation for practical deployment in next-generation green communication networks.
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BibTeX
@misc{shen2026rydberg,
title = {{Rydberg Atomic Quantum Receiver Empowered Hybrid Non-orthogonal Multiple Access}},
author = {Xinya Shen and Zheng Chu and David Chieng and Chiew Foong Kwong and Qihao Peng and Pei Xiao and Theodoros Tsiftsis and Jianyue Zhu},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.38451},
eprint = {2610.38451},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38451},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Rydberg Atomic Quantum Receiver Empowered Hybrid Non-orthogonal Multiple Access
AU - Xinya Shen
AU - Zheng Chu
AU - David Chieng
AU - Chiew Foong Kwong
AU - Qihao Peng
AU - Pei Xiao
AU - Theodoros Tsiftsis
AU - Jianyue Zhu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/28
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.38451
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38451
AB - In this paper, we propose a novel uplink Hybrid Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) architecture assisted by Rydberg Atomic Quantum Receivers (RAQRs) to improve energy efficiency by addressing the physical constraints of atomic sensing. We formulate a joint optimization problem encompassing phase measurements and multi-user power allocation to minimize the total transmit power. This problem is particularly challenging due to the non-linear amplitude-only observations of atomic vapor cells. To decomposes the resulting non-convexity, we develop a hierarchical three-layer decomposition optimization framework that systematically decouples the global problem. The inner layer employs a customized Expectation Maximization-Gerchberg-Saxton (EM-GS) algorithm to resolve phase ambiguity and estimate equivalent channel gains. The middle layer derives closed-form optimal power allocation solutions via Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. The outer layer utilizes linear Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) detection for high-reliability signal recovery. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework over conventional RF-based Hybrid NOMA. Notably, the atomic architecture achieves approximately a 93% reduction in total power consumption compared to Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) baselines while maintaining strict backward compatibility, thereby laying a solid foundation for practical deployment in next-generation green communication networks.
ER -