Occurrence, load and transport-associated risk factors of Salmonella spp. in chickens sold in informal live bird markets in Centre-Nord Region, Burkina Faso.
5 affiliations
- 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Foodborne Bacteria and Viruses, Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso. Electronic address: [email protected].
- 2Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Foodborne Bacteria and Viruses, Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso; École Normale Supérieure, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
- 3International Livestock Research Institute, HEALTH program, Nairobi, Kenya; University of Copenhagen, Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
- 4Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Epidemiology and Surveillance of Foodborne Bacteria and Viruses, Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso.
- 5International Livestock Research Institute, HEALTH program, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Abstract
Informal poultry trade is central to live-bird value chains in sub-Saharan Africa, but transport and handling practices may facilitate the spread of zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella spp. This regional study assessed the occurrence, bacterial load, and transport-related risk factors of Salmonella spp. in indigenous village chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) marketed through the Kaya live-bird market in the Centre-Nord Region of Burkina Faso. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 49 poultry collectors. Four clinically healthy indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were selected from each collector's transported batch using a stratified random sampling procedure based on spatial position (front, middle, rear) yielding a total of 196 birds. Birds originated from smallholder households in surrounding villages and were selected for live sale. Cecal contents were analyzed for Salmonella spp. using ISO 6579:2012 protocols, bacterial loads were quantified by the Most Probable Number method, and isolates were confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. Structured interviews documented collector characteristics, sourcing, transport, hygiene, and biosecurity. Logistic regression identified factors associated with Salmonella occurrence, while linear regression assessed predictors of bacterial load. Salmonella spp. was detected in 41.3% of chickens, with 59.2% of collectors having at least one positive bird. Transporting 21-50 birds and collectors having verified the vaccination status of birds when collecting chickens were associated with higher odds of detection. Higher bacterial loads were linked to temporary stops during collection or transport and reuse of dedicated work clothing without proper cleaning. This regional survey highlights the collector and live-bird market stage as a critical interface for Salmonella circulation in village poultry systems. Practical recommendation include reducing overcrowding during transport, improving confinement and hygiene practices, and strengthening biosecurity measures among poultry collectors.
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BibTeX
@article{tiendrebeogo2026occurrence,
title = {{Occurrence, load and transport-associated risk factors of Salmonella spp. in chickens sold in informal live bird markets in Centre-Nord Region, Burkina Faso.}},
author = {Wendenso Patrick Bertrand Tiendrébéogo and Assèta Kagambèga and Arshnee Moodley and Tho Abou Da and Rasmané Tao and Brice Ouedraogo and Nicolas Barro and Michel Dione},
journal = {Poultry science},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1016/j.psj.2026.107886},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42849229},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Occurrence, load and transport-associated risk factors of Salmonella spp. in chickens sold in informal live bird markets in Centre-Nord Region, Burkina Faso.
AU - Wendenso Patrick Bertrand Tiendrébéogo
AU - Assèta Kagambèga
AU - Arshnee Moodley
AU - Tho Abou Da
AU - Rasmané Tao
AU - Brice Ouedraogo
AU - Nicolas Barro
AU - Michel Dione
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/05
JO - Poultry science
DO - 10.1016/j.psj.2026.107886
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42849229
AB - Informal poultry trade is central to live-bird value chains in sub-Saharan Africa, but transport and handling practices may facilitate the spread of zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella spp. This regional study assessed the occurrence, bacterial load, and transport-related risk factors of Salmonella spp. in indigenous village chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) marketed through the Kaya live-bird market in the Centre-Nord Region of Burkina Faso. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 49 poultry collectors. Four clinically healthy indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were selected from each collector's transported batch using a stratified random sampling procedure based on spatial position (front, middle, rear) yielding a total of 196 birds. Birds originated from smallholder households in surrounding villages and were selected for live sale. Cecal contents were analyzed for Salmonella spp. using ISO 6579:2012 protocols, bacterial loads were quantified by the Most Probable Number method, and isolates were confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. Structured interviews documented collector characteristics, sourcing, transport, hygiene, and biosecurity. Logistic regression identified factors associated with Salmonella occurrence, while linear regression assessed predictors of bacterial load. Salmonella spp. was detected in 41.3% of chickens, with 59.2% of collectors having at least one positive bird. Transporting 21-50 birds and collectors having verified the vaccination status of birds when collecting chickens were associated with higher odds of detection. Higher bacterial loads were linked to temporary stops during collection or transport and reuse of dedicated work clothing without proper cleaning. This regional survey highlights the collector and live-bird market stage as a critical interface for Salmonella circulation in village poultry systems. Practical recommendation include reducing overcrowding during transport, improving confinement and hygiene practices, and strengthening biosecurity measures among poultry collectors.
SN - 0032-5791
SN - 1525-3171
ER -