Effects of an embodied cognitive learning-based inductive venipuncture arm simulator on nursing internship trainees' learning achievement, motivation, self-efficacy, and anxiety.
6 affiliations
- 1Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan.
- 2Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri Service General Hospital National Defense Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
- 3Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan. [email protected].
- 4Graduate Institute of Educational Information and Measurement, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City, Taiwan. [email protected].
- 5Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. [email protected].
- 6School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan.
Abstract
Background
This study developed an inductive venipuncture arm simulator (IVPAS) based on embodied cognitive theory for healthcare providers to enhance their learning and experience of venipuncture skills. The IVPAS integrated a highly adopted simulated arm model, which is available on the market, with customized simulated blood vessels. Equipped with a touch-sensitive device, the IVPAS offered feedback on the proper angle of insertion and vein location, enabling trainees to safely practice venipuncture techniques in a realistic setting. In addition, this system simulated unexpected occurrences that could arise during venipuncture, such as fainting and nerve injury, to enhance trainees' capacity to respond effectively in real-time situations.Methods
This study adopted a mixed-methods design to examine the effectiveness of the IVPAS learning approach in venipuncture training for nursing internship trainees. It was applied to simulated venipuncture training for nursing internship trainees at a medical college. This study analyzed the learning achievement, learning motivation, self-efficacy, performance in the direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) assessment, anxiety levels, and interview results among nursing internship trainees.Results
Higher post-intervention scores were observed for trainees' learning achievement, learning motivation, and self-efficacy. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in their anxiety levels.Conclusions
These findings suggest that the IVPAS, as a tool grounded in embodied cognitive learning, not only facilitated nursing internship trainees' mastery of venipuncture skills, but was also associated with higher learning motivation and self-efficacy. Additionally, reduced anxiety was observed during the learning process.
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BibTeX
@article{hsieh2026effects,
title = {{Effects of an embodied cognitive learning-based inductive venipuncture arm simulator on nursing internship trainees' learning achievement, motivation, self-efficacy, and anxiety.}},
author = {Shan-Shan Hsieh and Gwo-Jen Hwang and Yu-Kai Sung and Hsin Huang},
journal = {BMC medical education},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1186/s12909-026-10000-8},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42897586},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Effects of an embodied cognitive learning-based inductive venipuncture arm simulator on nursing internship trainees' learning achievement, motivation, self-efficacy, and anxiety.
AU - Shan-Shan Hsieh
AU - Gwo-Jen Hwang
AU - Yu-Kai Sung
AU - Hsin Huang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/01
JO - BMC medical education
DO - 10.1186/s12909-026-10000-8
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42897586
AB - Background This study developed an inductive venipuncture arm simulator (IVPAS) based on embodied cognitive theory for healthcare providers to enhance their learning and experience of venipuncture skills. The IVPAS integrated a highly adopted simulated arm model, which is available on the market, with customized simulated blood vessels. Equipped with a touch-sensitive device, the IVPAS offered feedback on the proper angle of insertion and vein location, enabling trainees to safely practice venipuncture techniques in a realistic setting. In addition, this system simulated unexpected occurrences that could arise during venipuncture, such as fainting and nerve injury, to enhance trainees' capacity to respond effectively in real-time situations.Methods This study adopted a mixed-methods design to examine the effectiveness of the IVPAS learning approach in venipuncture training for nursing internship trainees. It was applied to simulated venipuncture training for nursing internship trainees at a medical college. This study analyzed the learning achievement, learning motivation, self-efficacy, performance in the direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) assessment, anxiety levels, and interview results among nursing internship trainees.Results Higher post-intervention scores were observed for trainees' learning achievement, learning motivation, and self-efficacy. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in their anxiety levels.Conclusions These findings suggest that the IVPAS, as a tool grounded in embodied cognitive learning, not only facilitated nursing internship trainees' mastery of venipuncture skills, but was also associated with higher learning motivation and self-efficacy. Additionally, reduced anxiety was observed during the learning process.
SN - 1472-6920
ER -