MAD-LEO: A Maneuver-Annotated Orbital Dataset for LEO Satellites with Tiered Multi-Source Evidence
Abstract
With the rapid development of aerospace technology and the large-scale deployment of low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations, the risk of orbital collisions has increased, creating a growing demand for reliable observations of satellite maneuvers. However, public datasets containing real maneuver records remain scarce. We present MAD-LEO, a Maneuver-Annotated orbital Dataset for LEO satellites. The mission-reported subset contains 1,134 maneuver events from eleven geodetic and altimetry satellites spanning 1992 to 2026, with labels taken directly from mission-published maneuver histories. Each event is checked against two-line element (TLE) data, precise orbit products, and satellite laser ranging (SLR) observations, with evidence tiers assigned according to data availability. The operational subset pairs operator-published ephemerides for 6,785 Starlink satellites with cataloged TLE records over a continuous 107-hour period. Technical validation across seven machine-readable experiment suites confirms the cross-source consistency of the labels and the evidence products.
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BibTeX
@misc{guo2026madleo,
title = {{MAD-LEO: A Maneuver-Annotated Orbital Dataset for LEO Satellites with Tiered Multi-Source Evidence}},
author = {Zhixin Guo and Qi Shi and Xiaofan Xu and Linqiang Ge and Hua Zhu and Liyan Ben and Bendian Nie and Yuanrui Zhao and Xiaohan Li},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.08556},
eprint = {2609.08556},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08556},
note = {CC BY-NC-SA 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - MAD-LEO: A Maneuver-Annotated Orbital Dataset for LEO Satellites with Tiered Multi-Source Evidence
AU - Zhixin Guo
AU - Qi Shi
AU - Xiaofan Xu
AU - Linqiang Ge
AU - Hua Zhu
AU - Liyan Ben
AU - Bendian Nie
AU - Yuanrui Zhao
AU - Xiaohan Li
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/08
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.08556
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08556
AB - With the rapid development of aerospace technology and the large-scale deployment of low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations, the risk of orbital collisions has increased, creating a growing demand for reliable observations of satellite maneuvers. However, public datasets containing real maneuver records remain scarce. We present MAD-LEO, a Maneuver-Annotated orbital Dataset for LEO satellites. The mission-reported subset contains 1,134 maneuver events from eleven geodetic and altimetry satellites spanning 1992 to 2026, with labels taken directly from mission-published maneuver histories. Each event is checked against two-line element (TLE) data, precise orbit products, and satellite laser ranging (SLR) observations, with evidence tiers assigned according to data availability. The operational subset pairs operator-published ephemerides for 6,785 Starlink satellites with cataloged TLE records over a continuous 107-hour period. Technical validation across seven machine-readable experiment suites confirms the cross-source consistency of the labels and the evidence products.
ER -