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PreprintCC BYChemRxiv

Formamidine-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks

  • Om Prakash Swain1,2,3
  • Tapan Ping4,5
  • Bidita Panda1,2,3
  • Preeti Bhauriyal6,7
  • Narayan Deep Singh1,2,3
  • B. L. Bhargava1,2,3
  • Thomas Heine6,7
  • Bikash K. Jena4,5
  • Bishnu P. Biswal1,2,3,8
8 affiliations
  1. 1School of Chemical Sciences
  2. 2National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar
  3. 3Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex
  4. 4Materials Chemistry and Interfacial Engineering Department
  5. 5Materials Technology
  6. 6Chair of Theoretical Chemistry
  7. 7Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
  8. 8Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences
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Abstract

Formamidine has been established as a versatile molecule in agriculture, organic solar cells, and as a ligand in organometallic catalysis. Despite, formamidine-based materials have remained largely unexplored due to challenges in achieving controlled polymerization. In this direction, we introduce a one-pot microwave-assisted diamine-orthoformate condensation strategy to synthesize formamidine-linked conjugated covalent organic frameworks (FOF-2 and FOF-3). Interestingly, the formamidine units of FOFs enable affinity towards urea, and that allowed us to use as metal-free electrocatalysts for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) in alkaline media. FOF-2 demonstrates an onset potential value of 1.47 V (vs RHE) and a lower overpotential. The ordered microporous conjugated backbone facilitates charge and mass transport in FOFs. These findings demonstrate that metal-free FOFs can serve as a platform for UOR and open new directions toward organic framework-based electrocatalysts for sustainable energy conversion.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{swain2026formamidinelinked,
  title = {{Formamidine-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks}},
  author = {Om Prakash Swain and Tapan Ping and Bidita Panda and Preeti Bhauriyal and Narayan Deep Singh and B. L. Bhargava and Thomas Heine and Bikash K. Jena and Bishnu P. Biswal},
  howpublished = {ChemRxiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.26434/chemrxiv.15002499/v2},
  url = {https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15002499/v2},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Formamidine-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks
AU  - Om Prakash Swain
AU  - Tapan Ping
AU  - Bidita Panda
AU  - Preeti Bhauriyal
AU  - Narayan Deep Singh
AU  - B. L. Bhargava
AU  - Thomas Heine
AU  - Bikash K. Jena
AU  - Bishnu P. Biswal
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/11
PB  - ChemRxiv
DO  - 10.26434/chemrxiv.15002499/v2
UR  - https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15002499/v2
AB  - Formamidine has been established as a versatile molecule in agriculture, organic solar cells, and as a ligand in organometallic catalysis. Despite, formamidine-based materials have remained largely unexplored due to challenges in achieving controlled polymerization. In this direction, we introduce a one-pot microwave-assisted diamine-orthoformate condensation strategy to synthesize formamidine-linked conjugated covalent organic frameworks (FOF-2 and FOF-3). Interestingly, the formamidine units of FOFs enable affinity towards urea, and that allowed us to use as metal-free electrocatalysts for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) in alkaline media. FOF-2 demonstrates an onset potential value of 1.47 V (vs RHE) and a lower overpotential. The ordered microporous conjugated backbone facilitates charge and mass transport in FOFs. These findings demonstrate that metal-free FOFs can serve as a platform for UOR and open new directions toward organic framework-based electrocatalysts for sustainable energy conversion.
ER  -