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Peer-reviewedCC BYClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Generating Actionable Data From Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance: Insights From the Fleming Fund's International Experience.

23 more authors
30 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
  2. 2Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
  3. 3Department of Infectious Diseases, Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.
  4. 4Itad Ltd, Brighton, United Kingdom.
  5. 5Federal Ministry of Livestock Development, Abuja, Nigeria.
  6. 6Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
  7. 7DAI Global LLC, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
  8. 8FHI 360, Kathmandu, Nepal.
  9. 9Independent consultant.
  10. 10Pharmacy Directorate, Ministry of Health, Accra, Ghana.
  11. 11Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
  12. 12ORDiagnostics, France.
  13. 13The School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.
  14. 14Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
  15. 15UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom.
  16. 16Fleming Fund , International Development Sector, Mott MacDonald, London, United Kingdom.
  17. 17Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
  18. 18Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Child Health and Migration, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
  19. 19Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dakar, Senegal.
  20. 20UFR des Sciences de la Santé, Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis, Saint-Louis, Senegal.
  21. 21Ajisefini Consulting, London, United Kingdom.
  22. 22Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
  23. 23Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
  24. 24Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
  25. 25Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic.
  26. 26Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
  27. 27Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  28. 28Fondation Mérieux, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic.
  29. 29GSK, London, United Kingdom.
  30. 30Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia.

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat, with the greatest burden falling on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) also challenged with limited surveillance capacity. The UK Government's Fleming Fund was established in 2015 to strengthen AMR surveillance across Africa and Asia through a One Health approach. This paper draws on program experience, country implementation evidence, and published literature to describe how the Fleming Fund operationalized AMR surveillance, assess its contribution to the quantity and quality of surveillance data, identify key implementation challenges, and consider implications for future global surveillance strategies. The Fleming Fund combined investments in laboratory infrastructure, workforce development, quality assurance, data systems, governance, and data use. Across supported countries, these investments enabled substantial growth in routine bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, strengthened reference and surveillance laboratory capacity, increased participation in external quality assessment, and expanded reporting to the World Health Organization's Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System. The program also supported complementary surveillance approaches, including antimicrobial use and consumption data and, in some settings, burden-of-disease and genomic surveillance. Progress, however, has been uneven and remains vulnerable to fragile infrastructure, procurement and supply chain bottlenecks, workforce turnover, fragmented data systems, weak clinical-laboratory interfaces, limited representativeness, and uncertain long-term financing. The Fleming Fund experience shows that strengthening AMR surveillance in LMICs is feasible, but requires sustained, system-wide investment. Future strategies should prioritize integration with clinical care, stronger digital and analytical capacity, broader diagnostic access, and domestic financing to ensure that high-quality AMR data are generated, shared, and translated into action.

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BibTeX
@article{guptawright2026generating,
  title = {{Generating Actionable Data From Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance: Insights From the Fleming Fund's International Experience.}},
  author = {Ankur Gupta-Wright and Suliat Yetunde Adeleke and Victoria Adetunji and Qadeer Ahsan and Ritu Amatya and Ben Amos and Brian Asare and Sorie I O Bangura and Cyril Buhler and Nicholas Feasey and N Claire Gordon and Heidi Hopkins and Freddy Eric Kitutu and Toby Leslie and Ibrahima Lo and Seynabou Lo and Ayodele Majekodunmi and Rebecca Maudling and Ntombi B Mudenda and Victor Moses Musyoki and Deborah Nanjebe and Tessa Oakley and Manish Pathak and Tamalee Roberts and Lamiaa Shehata and Tim Shorten and Nure Alam Siddiky and John Stelling and Muhammad Taimoor and May Soe Thwe and Shawn Ting and Didem Torumkuney and Paul Turner and Jacob Wildfire and Timothy David Worth},
  journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1093/cid/ciag497},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42895838},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Generating Actionable Data From Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance: Insights From the Fleming Fund's International Experience.
AU  - Ankur Gupta-Wright
AU  - Suliat Yetunde Adeleke
AU  - Victoria Adetunji
AU  - Qadeer Ahsan
AU  - Ritu Amatya
AU  - Ben Amos
AU  - Brian Asare
AU  - Sorie I O Bangura
AU  - Cyril Buhler
AU  - Nicholas Feasey
AU  - N Claire Gordon
AU  - Heidi Hopkins
AU  - Freddy Eric Kitutu
AU  - Toby Leslie
AU  - Ibrahima Lo
AU  - Seynabou Lo
AU  - Ayodele Majekodunmi
AU  - Rebecca Maudling
AU  - Ntombi B Mudenda
AU  - Victor Moses Musyoki
AU  - Deborah Nanjebe
AU  - Tessa Oakley
AU  - Manish Pathak
AU  - Tamalee Roberts
AU  - Lamiaa Shehata
AU  - Tim Shorten
AU  - Nure Alam Siddiky
AU  - John Stelling
AU  - Muhammad Taimoor
AU  - May Soe Thwe
AU  - Shawn Ting
AU  - Didem Torumkuney
AU  - Paul Turner
AU  - Jacob Wildfire
AU  - Timothy David Worth
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
DO  - 10.1093/cid/ciag497
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42895838
AB  - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat, with the greatest burden falling on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) also challenged with limited surveillance capacity. The UK Government's Fleming Fund was established in 2015 to strengthen AMR surveillance across Africa and Asia through a One Health approach. This paper draws on program experience, country implementation evidence, and published literature to describe how the Fleming Fund operationalized AMR surveillance, assess its contribution to the quantity and quality of surveillance data, identify key implementation challenges, and consider implications for future global surveillance strategies. The Fleming Fund combined investments in laboratory infrastructure, workforce development, quality assurance, data systems, governance, and data use. Across supported countries, these investments enabled substantial growth in routine bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, strengthened reference and surveillance laboratory capacity, increased participation in external quality assessment, and expanded reporting to the World Health Organization's Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System. The program also supported complementary surveillance approaches, including antimicrobial use and consumption data and, in some settings, burden-of-disease and genomic surveillance. Progress, however, has been uneven and remains vulnerable to fragile infrastructure, procurement and supply chain bottlenecks, workforce turnover, fragmented data systems, weak clinical-laboratory interfaces, limited representativeness, and uncertain long-term financing. The Fleming Fund experience shows that strengthening AMR surveillance in LMICs is feasible, but requires sustained, system-wide investment. Future strategies should prioritize integration with clinical care, stronger digital and analytical capacity, broader diagnostic access, and domestic financing to ensure that high-quality AMR data are generated, shared, and translated into action.
SN  - 1058-4838
SN  - 1537-6591
ER  -