3D dark matter map of the JWST COSMOS-Web field using diffusion-based generative priors

@misc{scognamiglio2026dark,
  title = {{3D dark matter map of the JWST COSMOS-Web field using diffusion-based generative priors}},
  author = {Diana Scognamiglio and Brandon Zhao and Katherine L. Bouman and Olivier Doré and Caitlin M. Casey and Maximilien Franco and Ghassem Gozaliasl and David Harvey and Olivier Ilbert and Jeffrey B. Jewell and Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe and Anton M. Koekemoer and Gavin Leroy and Richard Massey and Jason Rhodes and Brant E. Robertson and Marko Shuntov and Sune Toft and Greta Toni and Michael A. Troxel},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.03786},
  eprint = {2611.03786},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.03786},
}

TY  - UNPB
TI  - 3D dark matter map of the JWST COSMOS-Web field using diffusion-based generative priors
AU  - Diana Scognamiglio
AU  - Brandon Zhao
AU  - Katherine L. Bouman
AU  - Olivier Doré
AU  - Caitlin M. Casey
AU  - Maximilien Franco
AU  - Ghassem Gozaliasl
AU  - David Harvey
AU  - Olivier Ilbert
AU  - Jeffrey B. Jewell
AU  - Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe
AU  - Anton M. Koekemoer
AU  - Gavin Leroy
AU  - Richard Massey
AU  - Jason Rhodes
AU  - Brant E. Robertson
AU  - Marko Shuntov
AU  - Sune Toft
AU  - Greta Toni
AU  - Michael A. Troxel
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/02
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.03786
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.03786
AB  - Mapping the three-dimensional distribution of dark matter is key to tracing the growth of cosmic structure. Two-dimensional weak lensing mass maps recover its projected distribution, but they blend structures at different distances along the line of sight. We reconstruct the three-dimensional matter distribution in the 0.54 deg^2 COSMOS-Web field using deep James Webb Space Telescope imaging, with an effective source density of 121 galaxies arcmin^−2 We combine a physical weak lensing forward model with a diffusion-based Bayesian generative prior learned from cosmological simulations, yielding a posterior distribution of the matter field across 20 lens planes to z ≃ 2, doubling the redshift reach of previous Hubble Space Telescope-based 3D reconstructions and approaching cosmic noon, an epoch of rapid galaxy growth. The reconstruction separates structures that overlap in projection and recovers non-Gaussian matter structure across a range of spatial scales, including over-densities associated with independently identified galaxy clusters that were not detected in earlier weak lensing maps. Posterior sampling quantifies the range of three-dimensional matter distributions allowed by the data, enabling a probabilistic visualization of the cosmic web while propagating uncertainties in its inferred structure. Null and simulation-based tests show that the recovered structures are supported by the lensing signal and are consistent with expectations from the fiducial ΛCDM cosmology. These results extend three-dimensional weak lensing mapping into the high-redshift, non-Gaussian regime and establish a route towards probabilistic mapping of the evolving cosmic web with current wide-field lensing surveys.
ER  -