Quantum Gate Engineering in Superconducting NISQ Platforms: Experimental Methods and Emerging Directions
Abstract
This review aims to provide researchers, experimentalists, and quantum engineers with an updated and technically grounded perspective on the implementation of quantum gates in superconducting NISQ devices. The goal is to establish a comprehensive bridge between theoretical quantum circuit synthesis and its practical, experimental implementation, focusing on superconducting quantum technologies. We systematically examine the diverse landscape of superconducting qubits and processor architectures, ranging from conventional transmons to alternative and unconventional designs, evaluating their unique design trade-offs, connectivity constraints, device physics, and materials impact. Moving from theory to actual implementation, we detail how single- and two-qubit operations are synthesized via microwave-driven and flux-activated pulses. We here present our pulse engineering, wave shaping, calibration workflows, demonstrating how to bridge the gap between abstract gate models and real-world hardware limitations in the direction of a hardware-software co-design framework. To validate these operations, we choose benchmarking methodologies with the purpose to get the more efficient metric for the specific evaluation aspect, including truth tables and quantum process tomography. Therefore, we both discuss the theoretical concepts behind the gate synthesis and show experimental implementation of most fundamental gates by proposing a practical workflow.
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BibTeX
@misc{sarno2026quantum,
title = {{Quantum Gate Engineering in Superconducting NISQ Platforms: Experimental Methods and Emerging Directions}},
author = {Alessandro Sarno and Viviana Stasino and Antonio Pio Italiano and Alessandra Pizza and Carlo Cosenza and Wladislav Guarino and Domenico Montemurro and Francesco Tafuri and Davide Massarotti and Halima Giovanna Ahmad},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.38635},
eprint = {2610.38635},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38635},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Quantum Gate Engineering in Superconducting NISQ Platforms: Experimental Methods and Emerging Directions
AU - Alessandro Sarno
AU - Viviana Stasino
AU - Antonio Pio Italiano
AU - Alessandra Pizza
AU - Carlo Cosenza
AU - Wladislav Guarino
AU - Domenico Montemurro
AU - Francesco Tafuri
AU - Davide Massarotti
AU - Halima Giovanna Ahmad
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/28
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.38635
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38635
AB - This review aims to provide researchers, experimentalists, and quantum engineers with an updated and technically grounded perspective on the implementation of quantum gates in superconducting NISQ devices. The goal is to establish a comprehensive bridge between theoretical quantum circuit synthesis and its practical, experimental implementation, focusing on superconducting quantum technologies. We systematically examine the diverse landscape of superconducting qubits and processor architectures, ranging from conventional transmons to alternative and unconventional designs, evaluating their unique design trade-offs, connectivity constraints, device physics, and materials impact. Moving from theory to actual implementation, we detail how single- and two-qubit operations are synthesized via microwave-driven and flux-activated pulses. We here present our pulse engineering, wave shaping, calibration workflows, demonstrating how to bridge the gap between abstract gate models and real-world hardware limitations in the direction of a hardware-software co-design framework. To validate these operations, we choose benchmarking methodologies with the purpose to get the more efficient metric for the specific evaluation aspect, including truth tables and quantum process tomography. Therefore, we both discuss the theoretical concepts behind the gate synthesis and show experimental implementation of most fundamental gates by proposing a practical workflow.
ER -