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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDJournal of nanobiotechnology

An X-ray-activated nano-bio hybrid for synergistic radiotherapy/photothermal/immunotherapy of prostate cancer.

  • Yizhao Xu1,2
  • Tao Zhao2
  • Zixuan Li2
  • Jiale Chen1
  • Xin Li1
  • Xiaomei Zhou1
  • Mouna Khouchani3
  • Takoui Abdelmajid3
  • Zhiqiang Jiang4
  • Long Zhao5,6
  • Zhanlin Zhang7,8
8 affiliations
  1. 1Irradiation Preservation and Effect Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, P. R. China.
  2. 2Irradiation Preservation and Effect Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610051, P. R. China.
  3. 3Mohammed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, 40000, Morocco.
  4. 4Irradiation Preservation and Effect Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610051, P. R. China. [email protected].
  5. 5Irradiation Preservation and Effect Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, P. R. China. [email protected].
  6. 6Irradiation Preservation and Effect Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610051, P. R. China. [email protected].
  7. 7Irradiation Preservation and Effect Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, P. R. China. [email protected].
  8. 8Irradiation Preservation and Effect Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610051, P. R. China. [email protected].
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Abstract

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is recognized for its precise manipulability and exceptional spatiotemporal control but faces challenges such as thermotolerance, weak penetration, and collateral tissue damage. Herein, we presented a strategy that enabled tumor-targeted PTT, reduced interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), promoted deep tumor penetration, enhanced radiosensitization, and counteracted thermoresistance. An engineered bacteria-based delivery system (R.S@BiOI) responsive to low-dose X-ray was constructed via electrostatic adsorption of bismuth oxyiodide quantum dots (BiOI QDs) onto the natural photothermal agent Rhodobacter sphaeroides (R.S). Leveraging the hypoxic targeting capability of R.S, R.S@BiOI facilitated tumor-specific enrichment and penetration. Meanwhile, X-ray-triggered radiolysis of water by surface-bound BiOI QDs generated hydroxyl radicals, which reduced tumor IFP, enhanced the deep and uniform distribution of the R.S@BiOI composite, and minimized collateral thermal damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Furthermore, X-ray irradiation downregulated the expression of heat shock proteins, attenuating cellular thermotolerance and synergistically improving the efficacy of PTT. Meanwhile, R.S@BiOI elicited a robust anti-tumor immune response, which acted in synergy with radiotherapy and PTT to potentiate the overall antitumor efficacy. The bacteria-based delivery system enhanced intratumoral accumulation and improved tumor distribution, resulting in markedly superior tumor growth suppression, prolonged survival in animal models, and a well-tolerated safety profile with no significant systemic toxicity observed in critical organs. Thus, this study presents a strategy for fabricating X-ray-responsive engineered bacteria that potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of PTT in the treatment of prostate cancer.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{xu2026xrayactivated,
  title = {{An X-ray-activated nano-bio hybrid for synergistic radiotherapy/photothermal/immunotherapy of prostate cancer.}},
  author = {Yizhao Xu and Tao Zhao and Zixuan Li and Jiale Chen and Xin Li and Xiaomei Zhou and Mouna Khouchani and Takoui Abdelmajid and Zhiqiang Jiang and Long Zhao and Zhanlin Zhang},
  journal = {Journal of nanobiotechnology},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1186/s12951-026-04869-2},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958248},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - An X-ray-activated nano-bio hybrid for synergistic radiotherapy/photothermal/immunotherapy of prostate cancer.
AU  - Yizhao Xu
AU  - Tao Zhao
AU  - Zixuan Li
AU  - Jiale Chen
AU  - Xin Li
AU  - Xiaomei Zhou
AU  - Mouna Khouchani
AU  - Takoui Abdelmajid
AU  - Zhiqiang Jiang
AU  - Long Zhao
AU  - Zhanlin Zhang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/01
JO  - Journal of nanobiotechnology
DO  - 10.1186/s12951-026-04869-2
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958248
AB  - Photothermal therapy (PTT) is recognized for its precise manipulability and exceptional spatiotemporal control but faces challenges such as thermotolerance, weak penetration, and collateral tissue damage. Herein, we presented a strategy that enabled tumor-targeted PTT, reduced interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), promoted deep tumor penetration, enhanced radiosensitization, and counteracted thermoresistance. An engineered bacteria-based delivery system (R.S@BiOI) responsive to low-dose X-ray was constructed via electrostatic adsorption of bismuth oxyiodide quantum dots (BiOI QDs) onto the natural photothermal agent Rhodobacter sphaeroides (R.S). Leveraging the hypoxic targeting capability of R.S, R.S@BiOI facilitated tumor-specific enrichment and penetration. Meanwhile, X-ray-triggered radiolysis of water by surface-bound BiOI QDs generated hydroxyl radicals, which reduced tumor IFP, enhanced the deep and uniform distribution of the R.S@BiOI composite, and minimized collateral thermal damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Furthermore, X-ray irradiation downregulated the expression of heat shock proteins, attenuating cellular thermotolerance and synergistically improving the efficacy of PTT. Meanwhile, R.S@BiOI elicited a robust anti-tumor immune response, which acted in synergy with radiotherapy and PTT to potentiate the overall antitumor efficacy. The bacteria-based delivery system enhanced intratumoral accumulation and improved tumor distribution, resulting in markedly superior tumor growth suppression, prolonged survival in animal models, and a well-tolerated safety profile with no significant systemic toxicity observed in critical organs. Thus, this study presents a strategy for fabricating X-ray-responsive engineered bacteria that potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of PTT in the treatment of prostate cancer.
SN  - 1477-3155
ER  -