Spectral Efficiency Analysis of Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems with Double Quantization
Abstract
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) achieves a high spectral efficiency (SE) by employing a large number of receive antennas in the uplink. Employing many receive antennas requires a large number of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and a high fronthaul data rate. Low-resolution ADCs can reduce power consumption and cost, while fronthaul quantization can reduce the required fronthaul data rate, at the expense of quantization distortion at both stages. In wideband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems, ADC quantization is performed in the time domain, while fronthaul quantization may be applied after the discrete Fourier transform to transmit only active subcarriers. In this study, we investigate the achievable uplink SE over fronthaul links under double quantization and imperfect channel estimation. We derive a linear minimum mean-squared error channel estimator from the double-quantized pilot observations and obtain an achievable SE using the use-and-then-forget bound. Numerical results demonstrate that the ADC and fronthaul quantization resolutions have comparable impacts on the achievable SE. When the two resolutions differ, the lower resolution becomes the dominant factor limiting the SE. Furthermore, our numerical results show that six-bit ADC and fronthaul quantization achieve more than 90% of the SE attained in the ideal case.
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BibTeX
@misc{keskin2026spectral,
title = {{Spectral Efficiency Analysis of Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems with Double Quantization}},
author = {Bengu Bilgic Keskin and A. Oguz Kislal and Ali Gorcin and Özlem Tuğfe Demir},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.10032},
eprint = {2610.10032},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.10032},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Spectral Efficiency Analysis of Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems with Double Quantization
AU - Bengu Bilgic Keskin
AU - A. Oguz Kislal
AU - Ali Gorcin
AU - Özlem Tuğfe Demir
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/07
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.10032
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.10032
AB - Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) achieves a high spectral efficiency (SE) by employing a large number of receive antennas in the uplink. Employing many receive antennas requires a large number of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and a high fronthaul data rate. Low-resolution ADCs can reduce power consumption and cost, while fronthaul quantization can reduce the required fronthaul data rate, at the expense of quantization distortion at both stages. In wideband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems, ADC quantization is performed in the time domain, while fronthaul quantization may be applied after the discrete Fourier transform to transmit only active subcarriers. In this study, we investigate the achievable uplink SE over fronthaul links under double quantization and imperfect channel estimation. We derive a linear minimum mean-squared error channel estimator from the double-quantized pilot observations and obtain an achievable SE using the use-and-then-forget bound. Numerical results demonstrate that the ADC and fronthaul quantization resolutions have comparable impacts on the achievable SE. When the two resolutions differ, the lower resolution becomes the dominant factor limiting the SE. Furthermore, our numerical results show that six-bit ADC and fronthaul quantization achieve more than 90% of the SE attained in the ideal case.
ER -