Implications of tachyonic phase transition in classically scale invariant general U(1)X models
Abstract
We investigate the complementarity between collider searches and gravitational-wave (GW) observations in the classically scale-invariant general U(1)X extension of the Standard Model. The U(1)X scale is generated radiatively through the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, while the electroweak scale is induced through the Higgs portal, without explicit mass terms in the scalar potential. Three right-handed neutrinos are introduced to ensure anomaly cancellation and acquire Majorana masses upon U(1)X symmetry breaking, which also generates the mass of the neutral gauge boson Z'. In the strongly supercooled regime, a tachyonic U(1)X phase transition can produce a stochastic GW background. Assuming three heavy Majorana neutrinos, we study their effects on the phase-transition dynamics and reheating, and estimate the resulting GW signals. We identify the regions of the U(1)X gauge coupling and Z' mass accessible to future GW observatories, including LISA and DECIGO, and compare them with existing LEP and LHC constraints. We find that GWs from tachyonic phase transitions can probe regions with small gauge couplings and heavy Z' bosons that are difficult to access through collider searches, demonstrating the complementarity of these probes.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{das2026implications,
title = {{Implications of tachyonic phase transition in classically scale invariant general $U(1)_X$ models}},
author = {Arindam Das and Katsuya Hashino and Yuta Orikasa and Masanori Tanaka},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.11192},
eprint = {2610.11192},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.11192},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Implications of tachyonic phase transition in classically scale invariant general U(1)_X models
AU - Arindam Das
AU - Katsuya Hashino
AU - Yuta Orikasa
AU - Masanori Tanaka
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/08
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.11192
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.11192
AB - We investigate the complementarity between collider searches and gravitational-wave (GW) observations in the classically scale-invariant general U(1)_X extension of the Standard Model. The U(1)_X scale is generated radiatively through the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, while the electroweak scale is induced through the Higgs portal, without explicit mass terms in the scalar potential. Three right-handed neutrinos are introduced to ensure anomaly cancellation and acquire Majorana masses upon U(1)_X symmetry breaking, which also generates the mass of the neutral gauge boson Z'. In the strongly supercooled regime, a tachyonic U(1)_X phase transition can produce a stochastic GW background. Assuming three heavy Majorana neutrinos, we study their effects on the phase-transition dynamics and reheating, and estimate the resulting GW signals. We identify the regions of the U(1)_X gauge coupling and Z' mass accessible to future GW observatories, including LISA and DECIGO, and compare them with existing LEP and LHC constraints. We find that GWs from tachyonic phase transitions can probe regions with small gauge couplings and heavy Z' bosons that are difficult to access through collider searches, demonstrating the complementarity of these probes.
ER -