Confinement Geometry Regulates Fluctuations, Densities, and Collective Escape in Interacting Active Matter
Abstract
Active matter exhibits non-equilibrium signatures such as the violation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, giant number fluctuations, and non-Gaussian velocity distributions. We investigate how confinement geometry and particle number influence the steady-state behavior of sterically interacting Active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Particles (AOUPs) in a double-well potential. Unlike bulk active systems, increasing particle number suppresses non-equilibrium fluctuations through crowding, making the steady-state density profiles increasingly resemble those of passive systems. Nevertheless, instantaneous active density profiles exhibit both unimodal and bimodal distributions, even at large particle numbers, whereas passive profiles remain bimodal. The local velocity and position distributions are unimodal in the concave regions of the potential but become bimodal in non-concave regions. Confinement suppresses long-range correlations while producing spatially localized fluctuations governed by potential geometry. Velocity fluctuations are suppressed in the densely populated wells but enhanced near the barrier, where non-equilibrium effects are strongest. At large persistence times, correlated barrier crossings and strong velocity-alignment correlations emerge, which are absent in passive systems. These results demonstrate how confinement geometry, crowding, and persistence jointly control density fluctuations, velocity correlations, and collective escape in interacting active matter.
Versions
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BibTeX
@misc{parashar2026confinement,
title = {{Confinement Geometry Regulates Fluctuations, Densities, and Collective Escape in Interacting Active Matter}},
author = {Renu Parashar and Sandipan Dutta},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.00659},
eprint = {2611.00659},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00659},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Confinement Geometry Regulates Fluctuations, Densities, and Collective Escape in Interacting Active Matter
AU - Renu Parashar
AU - Sandipan Dutta
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.00659
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00659
AB - Active matter exhibits non-equilibrium signatures such as the violation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, giant number fluctuations, and non-Gaussian velocity distributions. We investigate how confinement geometry and particle number influence the steady-state behavior of sterically interacting Active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Particles (AOUPs) in a double-well potential. Unlike bulk active systems, increasing particle number suppresses non-equilibrium fluctuations through crowding, making the steady-state density profiles increasingly resemble those of passive systems. Nevertheless, instantaneous active density profiles exhibit both unimodal and bimodal distributions, even at large particle numbers, whereas passive profiles remain bimodal. The local velocity and position distributions are unimodal in the concave regions of the potential but become bimodal in non-concave regions. Confinement suppresses long-range correlations while producing spatially localized fluctuations governed by potential geometry. Velocity fluctuations are suppressed in the densely populated wells but enhanced near the barrier, where non-equilibrium effects are strongest. At large persistence times, correlated barrier crossings and strong velocity-alignment correlations emerge, which are absent in passive systems. These results demonstrate how confinement geometry, crowding, and persistence jointly control density fluctuations, velocity correlations, and collective escape in interacting active matter.
ER -