One-sided-DIQKD using any pure bipartite entangled state secure against all attacks
Abstract
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows spatially separated parties to establish a secret key among themselves based on quantum principles. While QKD systems are being deployed worldwide, their reliance on trusted measurements makes them vulnerable. Moreover, existing protocols have largely focussed on the qubit cases, and rely on the maximally entangled state, a costly resource to generate. Here, we consider the one-sided-device-independent (1SDI) QKD protocols, where one of the measurement devices is trusted while the other is untrusted. The resource in this scenario is quantum steering, an asymmetric form of quantum nonlocality. This is inspired by a real-world scenario, where the trusted party can be considered to be a bank, or any large organisation that has sufficient resources to protect its systems and validate them, while the users are vulnerable to attacks. We then demonstrate that a secure key can be obtained using any pure bipartite entangled state in this setup. Considering realistic detectors and sources based on current technology, we demonstrate that even states that are almost separable can be used to extract a secure key. Moreover, for every pure entangled bipartite state, we find the critical detection efficiencies and visibility to obtain a secure key.
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BibTeX
@misc{ghosh2026onesideddiqkd,
title = {{One-sided-DIQKD using any pure bipartite entangled state secure against all attacks}},
author = {Bohnishikha Ghosh and Chithra Raj and Shubhayan Sarkar},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.32923},
eprint = {2610.32923},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32923},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - One-sided-DIQKD using any pure bipartite entangled state secure against all attacks
AU - Bohnishikha Ghosh
AU - Chithra Raj
AU - Shubhayan Sarkar
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/23
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.32923
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.32923
AB - Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows spatially separated parties to establish a secret key among themselves based on quantum principles. While QKD systems are being deployed worldwide, their reliance on trusted measurements makes them vulnerable. Moreover, existing protocols have largely focussed on the qubit cases, and rely on the maximally entangled state, a costly resource to generate. Here, we consider the one-sided-device-independent (1SDI) QKD protocols, where one of the measurement devices is trusted while the other is untrusted. The resource in this scenario is quantum steering, an asymmetric form of quantum nonlocality. This is inspired by a real-world scenario, where the trusted party can be considered to be a bank, or any large organisation that has sufficient resources to protect its systems and validate them, while the users are vulnerable to attacks. We then demonstrate that a secure key can be obtained using any pure bipartite entangled state in this setup. Considering realistic detectors and sources based on current technology, we demonstrate that even states that are almost separable can be used to extract a secure key. Moreover, for every pure entangled bipartite state, we find the critical detection efficiencies and visibility to obtain a secure key.
ER -