XUE. ProDiMo models of internally and externally irradiated planet-forming disks around 0.3-4.0 solar mass stars (The IRIS project I)
Abstract
Most stars and planets form in massive star-forming regions, where disks are exposed to external far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation from nearby O- and B-type stars. The combined effects of stellar irradiation and external FUV fields on terrestrial planet-forming regions (< 10 au) across stellar masses remain unclear. We investigate how internal UV and X-ray irradiation and external FUV fields affect mid-infrared (mid-IR) gas emission and the atmospheric carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratios inferred in T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be disks. We compute disk structures with ProDiMo and synthetic spectra with FLiTs, convolved to a representative JWST/MIRI-MRS resolution (R∼2680). (1) We present the Internal and external irRadIation of diSks (IRIS) grid: four model sets spanning stellar masses of 0.3-4.0 solar masses, including stellar X-ray flares and an external FUV field of 1e4 G0 (Habing units). (2) We predict increasing flux densities with stellar mass for key atomic and molecular mid-IR tracers. (3) External FUV irradiation enhances CH3+ and H2 emission, whereas FUV-induced disk truncation yields inner disk chemistry resembling that of disks irradiated only by their host stars. (4) Mid-IR H2O, CO2, and C2H2 line ratios imply carbon-rich compositions (C/O∼1-10) in the warm emitting layers of T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be disks, primarily reflecting stellar irradiation, with little sensitivity to external FUV irradiation. The IRIS grid provides a flexible framework for interpreting JWST and future Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) infrared disk observations across a broad range of stellar properties and irradiation conditions. Future models should include FUV-driven photoevaporative winds, X-ray radiative transfer, and time-dependent X-ray irradiation.
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BibTeX
@misc{frediani2026prodimo,
title = {{XUE. ProDiMo models of internally and externally irradiated planet-forming disks around 0.3-4.0 solar mass stars (The IRIS project I)}},
author = {Jenny Frediani and Konstantin V. Getman and Peter Woitke and Bayron Portilla-Revelo and Eric D. Feigelson and Christian Rab and Arjan Bik and María Claudia Ramírez-Tannus and Rens Waters and Thomas Henning and Inga Kamp and Germán Chaparro and Sebastián Hernández and Simón Rodríguez and Pablo Cuartas-Restrepo and Andrew Winter and Thomas J. Haworth and Thomas Preibisch and Sierk E. van Terwisga and Veronica Roccatagliata and Alexis Brandeker},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.08621},
eprint = {2609.08621},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08621},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - XUE. ProDiMo models of internally and externally irradiated planet-forming disks around 0.3-4.0 solar mass stars (The IRIS project I)
AU - Jenny Frediani
AU - Konstantin V. Getman
AU - Peter Woitke
AU - Bayron Portilla-Revelo
AU - Eric D. Feigelson
AU - Christian Rab
AU - Arjan Bik
AU - María Claudia Ramírez-Tannus
AU - Rens Waters
AU - Thomas Henning
AU - Inga Kamp
AU - Germán Chaparro
AU - Sebastián Hernández
AU - Simón Rodríguez
AU - Pablo Cuartas-Restrepo
AU - Andrew Winter
AU - Thomas J. Haworth
AU - Thomas Preibisch
AU - Sierk E. van Terwisga
AU - Veronica Roccatagliata
AU - Alexis Brandeker
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/08
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.08621
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08621
AB - Most stars and planets form in massive star-forming regions, where disks are exposed to external far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation from nearby O- and B-type stars. The combined effects of stellar irradiation and external FUV fields on terrestrial planet-forming regions (< 10 au) across stellar masses remain unclear. We investigate how internal UV and X-ray irradiation and external FUV fields affect mid-infrared (mid-IR) gas emission and the atmospheric carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratios inferred in T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be disks. We compute disk structures with ProDiMo and synthetic spectra with FLiTs, convolved to a representative JWST/MIRI-MRS resolution (R∼2680). (1) We present the Internal and external irRadIation of diSks (IRIS) grid: four model sets spanning stellar masses of 0.3-4.0 solar masses, including stellar X-ray flares and an external FUV field of 1e4 G0 (Habing units). (2) We predict increasing flux densities with stellar mass for key atomic and molecular mid-IR tracers. (3) External FUV irradiation enhances CH3+ and H2 emission, whereas FUV-induced disk truncation yields inner disk chemistry resembling that of disks irradiated only by their host stars. (4) Mid-IR H2O, CO2, and C2H2 line ratios imply carbon-rich compositions (C/O∼1-10) in the warm emitting layers of T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be disks, primarily reflecting stellar irradiation, with little sensitivity to external FUV irradiation. The IRIS grid provides a flexible framework for interpreting JWST and future Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) infrared disk observations across a broad range of stellar properties and irradiation conditions. Future models should include FUV-driven photoevaporative winds, X-ray radiative transfer, and time-dependent X-ray irradiation.
ER -