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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Cell Reports Medicine

Bi-hourly plasma proteomics during the first 48 h of life in an African cohort reveals distinct periods and sex-dependent immune development

  • Tue B. Bennike1,2,3,4
  • Alec L. Plotkin3
  • Jensen Pak3
  • Arthur Viode2,4
  • Christoph N. Schlaffner4,5,6
  • Casey P. Shannon7,8
  • Olubukola T. Idoko9,10
  • Rebecca Ford11
  • Anita H.J. van den Biggelaar12
  • Oludare A. Odumade3,4
  • Dylan Nicholas Tabang2,4
  • Rym Ben-Othman13
12 more authors
  • Peter C. Richmond14
  • Joann Diray-Arce3,4
  • Al Ozonoff3,4,15
  • Judith A. Steen4,5
  • EPIC-HIPC Consortium
  • Amy H.Y. Lee16
  • William S. Pomat11
  • Beate Kampmann9,10,17
  • Ofer Levy3,4,15
  • Tobias R. Kollmann18
  • Kinga K. Smolen3,4
  • Hanno Steen2,3,4
18 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
  2. 2Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  3. 3Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  4. 4Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  5. 5F.M. Kirby Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
  6. 6Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, Digital Engineering Faculty, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
  7. 7PROOF Centre of Excellence, Providence Research, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
  8. 8UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
  9. 9Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
  10. 10The Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
  11. 11Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea
  12. 12Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
  13. 13RAN BioLinks, Ltd. Suite 1201, 1200 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5R 2A5, Canada
  14. 14Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
  15. 15Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
  16. 16Molecular Biology & Biochemistry Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
  17. 17Charité Centre for Global Health and Institute for International Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
  18. 18Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Abstract

Birth marks a sudden transition from a sterile intrauterine environment to one rich in pathogens, requiring rapid immune adaptation. Using mass spectrometry and immunoassays, we profile 324 plasma proteins, cytokines, and chemokines in 906 peripheral blood samples from 679 healthy, term, vaginally born Gambian neonates and an independent smaller validation cohort from Papua New Guinea. This proteomic analysis provides insights into plasma protein dynamics during the first 48 h of life at a bi-hourly resolution. The temporal analysis reveals non-linear trajectories, layering of immune system development, and distinct periods, all of which are inadequately described at the conventional day of life resolution. Significant sex-dependent immune system development is noticeable during the first 16 h after birth, which is also supported by a neonatal immuno-molecular clock for the earliest postnatal period. This study provides molecular insights into normal plasma protein ontogenies and developmental processes during the first two days of life.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{bennike2026bihourly,
  title = {{Bi-hourly plasma proteomics during the first 48 h of life in an African cohort reveals distinct periods and sex-dependent immune development}},
  author = {Tue B. Bennike and Alec L. Plotkin and Jensen Pak and Arthur Viode and Christoph N. Schlaffner and Casey P. Shannon and Olubukola T. Idoko and Rebecca Ford and Anita H.J. van den Biggelaar and Oludare A. Odumade and Dylan Nicholas Tabang and Rym Ben-Othman and Peter C. Richmond and Joann Diray-Arce and Al Ozonoff and Judith A. Steen and EPIC-HIPC Consortium and Amy H.Y. Lee and William S. Pomat and Beate Kampmann and Ofer Levy and Tobias R. Kollmann and Kinga K. Smolen and Hanno Steen},
  journal = {Cell Reports Medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.103048},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.103048},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Bi-hourly plasma proteomics during the first 48 h of life in an African cohort reveals distinct periods and sex-dependent immune development
AU  - Tue B. Bennike
AU  - Alec L. Plotkin
AU  - Jensen Pak
AU  - Arthur Viode
AU  - Christoph N. Schlaffner
AU  - Casey P. Shannon
AU  - Olubukola T. Idoko
AU  - Rebecca Ford
AU  - Anita H.J. van den Biggelaar
AU  - Oludare A. Odumade
AU  - Dylan Nicholas Tabang
AU  - Rym Ben-Othman
AU  - Peter C. Richmond
AU  - Joann Diray-Arce
AU  - Al Ozonoff
AU  - Judith A. Steen
AU  - EPIC-HIPC Consortium
AU  - Amy H.Y. Lee
AU  - William S. Pomat
AU  - Beate Kampmann
AU  - Ofer Levy
AU  - Tobias R. Kollmann
AU  - Kinga K. Smolen
AU  - Hanno Steen
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/11
JO  - Cell Reports Medicine
DO  - 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.103048
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.103048
AB  - Birth marks a sudden transition from a sterile intrauterine environment to one rich in pathogens, requiring rapid immune adaptation. Using mass spectrometry and immunoassays, we profile 324 plasma proteins, cytokines, and chemokines in 906 peripheral blood samples from 679 healthy, term, vaginally born Gambian neonates and an independent smaller validation cohort from Papua New Guinea. This proteomic analysis provides insights into plasma protein dynamics during the first 48 h of life at a bi-hourly resolution. The temporal analysis reveals non-linear trajectories, layering of immune system development, and distinct periods, all of which are inadequately described at the conventional day of life resolution. Significant sex-dependent immune system development is noticeable during the first 16 h after birth, which is also supported by a neonatal immuno-molecular clock for the earliest postnatal period. This study provides molecular insights into normal plasma protein ontogenies and developmental processes during the first two days of life.
SN  - 2666-3791
ER  -