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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDJournal of family medicine and primary care

Association of conventional and emerging adiposity indices with albuminuria in Indian type 2 diabetic adults

  • Mehul Kaliya1
  • Sagar Dholariya2
  • Ragini Singh2
  • Garima Anandani3
  • Krupal Joshi4
  • Parth Goswami3
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
  2. 2Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
  3. 3Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
  4. 4Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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Abstract

Background:: Central adiposity may contribute more strongly to renal injury than overall obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in South Asian populations characterized by higher visceral fat at lower body mass index (BMI).

Objective:: To evaluate six adiposity indices—BMI, weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI), and body roundness index (BRI)—and identify the superior predictor of albuminuria in Indian adults with T2DM.

Methods:: In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 364 adults with T2DM were enrolled consecutively. Albuminuria (normo-, micro-, or macroalbuminuria) was determined using the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Group differences were assessed using Welch’s ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests. Associations were examined using Spearman’s correlation and binary and multinomial logistic regression adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, smoking, and serum creatinine.

Results:: WWI, ABSI, BMI, and BAI differed across albuminuria categories (P < 0.05). WWI (r = 0.163, P = 0.002) and ABSI (r = 0.183, P < 0.001) correlated positively with UACR, whereas BAI correlated negatively (r = −0.137, P = 0.009). In adjusted models, WWI (OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.01–1.73) and ABSI (OR = 1.04 per 0.001-unit; 95% CI = 1.01–1.07) were independently associated with albuminuria, unlike BMI and BAI. The ABSI model showed the highest discrimination (AUC = 0.775). Stage-specific analysis demonstrated associations for WWI with macroalbuminuria (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.09–2.53) and for ABSI with microalbuminuria (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00–1.07) and macroalbuminuria (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02–1.12).

Conclusion:: Central adiposity indices WWI and ABSI show modest, independent, and graded associations with albuminuria severity in Indian adults with T2DM.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{kaliya2026association,
  title = {{Association of conventional and emerging adiposity indices with albuminuria in Indian type 2 diabetic adults}},
  author = {Mehul Kaliya and Sagar Dholariya and Ragini Singh and Garima Anandani and Krupal Joshi and Parth Goswami},
  journal = {Journal of family medicine and primary care},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_657_26},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13722255},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Association of conventional and emerging adiposity indices with albuminuria in Indian type 2 diabetic adults
AU  - Mehul Kaliya
AU  - Sagar Dholariya
AU  - Ragini Singh
AU  - Garima Anandani
AU  - Krupal Joshi
AU  - Parth Goswami
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/01
JO  - Journal of family medicine and primary care
DO  - 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_657_26
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13722255
AB  - Background:: Central adiposity may contribute more strongly to renal injury than overall obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in South Asian populations characterized by higher visceral fat at lower body mass index (BMI).  Objective:: To evaluate six adiposity indices—BMI, weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI), and body roundness index (BRI)—and identify the superior predictor of albuminuria in Indian adults with T2DM.  Methods:: In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 364 adults with T2DM were enrolled consecutively. Albuminuria (normo-, micro-, or macroalbuminuria) was determined using the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Group differences were assessed using Welch’s ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests. Associations were examined using Spearman’s correlation and binary and multinomial logistic regression adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, smoking, and serum creatinine.  Results:: WWI, ABSI, BMI, and BAI differed across albuminuria categories (P < 0.05). WWI (r = 0.163, P = 0.002) and ABSI (r = 0.183, P < 0.001) correlated positively with UACR, whereas BAI correlated negatively (r = −0.137, P = 0.009). In adjusted models, WWI (OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.01–1.73) and ABSI (OR = 1.04 per 0.001-unit; 95% CI = 1.01–1.07) were independently associated with albuminuria, unlike BMI and BAI. The ABSI model showed the highest discrimination (AUC = 0.775). Stage-specific analysis demonstrated associations for WWI with macroalbuminuria (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.09–2.53) and for ABSI with microalbuminuria (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00–1.07) and macroalbuminuria (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02–1.12).  Conclusion:: Central adiposity indices WWI and ABSI show modest, independent, and graded associations with albuminuria severity in Indian adults with T2DM.
SN  - 2249-4863
SN  - 2278-7135
ER  -