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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0SciPost Physics

Evaporating universes

  • Divij Gupta1,2
  1. 1Brandeis University
  2. 2University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
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Abstract

Recent work by Headrick, Sasieta and myself provides an extension of the HRT formula for asymptotically flat spacetimes. I use this formula to construct a holographic model of black hole evaporation in four-dimensional asymptotically flat spacetimes using Brill-Lindquist (BL) wormholes. The wormhole is interpreted via ER=EPR to represent the entanglement geometry between an evaporating black hole and baths into which the Hawking radiation is collected. Applying HRT, I compute the entanglement entropy by numerically computing the areas of the minimal surfaces, which is shown to obey the Page curve, consistent with information conservation. Numerical analysis is done for both three and four-boundary BL wormholes ( n=3,4 n = 3 , 4 ). Index-1 surfaces in the wormhole interior are interpreted as the candidate bulges involved in the python’s lunch conjecture (PLC), and their areas are used to compute the restricted complexity \mathcal{C} 𝒞 of decoding the Hawking radiation. The results are compared to the time-dependent predictions of the PLC.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{gupta2026evaporating,
  title = {{Evaporating universes}},
  author = {Divij Gupta},
  journal = {SciPost Physics},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.21468/scipostphys.21.4.081},
  url = {https://scipost.org/10.21468/SciPostPhys.21.4.081},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evaporating universes
AU  - Divij Gupta
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - SciPost Physics
DO  - 10.21468/scipostphys.21.4.081
UR  - https://scipost.org/10.21468/SciPostPhys.21.4.081
AB  - Recent work by Headrick, Sasieta and myself provides an extension of the HRT formula for asymptotically flat spacetimes. I use this formula to construct a holographic model of black hole evaporation in four-dimensional asymptotically flat spacetimes using Brill-Lindquist (BL) wormholes. The wormhole is interpreted via ER=EPR to represent the entanglement geometry between an evaporating black hole and baths into which the Hawking radiation is collected. Applying HRT, I compute the entanglement entropy by numerically computing the areas of the minimal surfaces, which is shown to obey the Page curve, consistent with information conservation. Numerical analysis is done for both three and four-boundary BL wormholes ( n=3,4 n = 3 , 4 ). Index-1 surfaces in the wormhole interior are interpreted as the candidate bulges involved in the python’s lunch conjecture (PLC), and their areas are used to compute the restricted complexity \mathcal{C} 𝒞 of decoding the Hawking radiation. The results are compared to the time-dependent predictions of the PLC.
SN  - 2542-4653
ER  -