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PreprintCC BYChemRxiv

Solid-state Electron Transfer Mechanism Study in Mechanochemistry through Time-Resolved Multimodal Monitoring

  • Huanxin Zhang1,2
  • Nathan Davison1,2
  • Tomislav Stolar3
  • Floriana Tuna4,5
  • Conrad A. P. Goodwin5
  • Franziska Emmerling3
  • Dominik J. Kubicki1,2
  • Erli Lu1,2,6
6 affiliations
  1. 1School of Chemistry
  2. 2University of Birmingham
  3. 3BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, Berlin, Germany, 12489
  4. 4Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, U.K., M13 9PL
  5. 5Centre for Radiochemistry Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, U.K., M13 9PL
  6. 6Birmingham Centre for Mechanochemistry and Mechanical Processing
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Abstract

Mechanochemical reactions can access unusual and useful reactivity, but the electron-transfer steps that govern many of these mechanochemical transformations have remained difficult for time-resolved monitoring. Here we establish a time-resolved strategy for resolving mechanochemical electron transfer by integrating in-situ powder X-ray diffraction with ex-situ quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and magnetometry. Using the formation of a sodium anion complex (sodide) as a model reaction, we show that a mechanically driven disproportionation proceeds through a stepwise pathway involving an electride intermediate. This finding provides direct mechanistic insight into how electrons move through reactive solids under mechanochemical condition. More broadly, it establishes a general experimental blueprint for identifying electronically distinct transient intermediates in mechanochemical redox chemistry.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{zhang2026solidstate,
  title = {{Solid-state Electron Transfer Mechanism Study in Mechanochemistry through Time-Resolved Multimodal Monitoring}},
  author = {Huanxin Zhang and Nathan Davison and Tomislav Stolar and Floriana Tuna and Conrad A. P. Goodwin and Franziska Emmerling and Dominik J. Kubicki and Erli Lu},
  howpublished = {ChemRxiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.26434/chemrxiv.15009597/v1},
  url = {https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009597/v1},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Solid-state Electron Transfer Mechanism Study in Mechanochemistry through Time-Resolved Multimodal Monitoring
AU  - Huanxin Zhang
AU  - Nathan Davison
AU  - Tomislav Stolar
AU  - Floriana Tuna
AU  - Conrad A. P. Goodwin
AU  - Franziska Emmerling
AU  - Dominik J. Kubicki
AU  - Erli Lu
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/29
PB  - ChemRxiv
DO  - 10.26434/chemrxiv.15009597/v1
UR  - https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009597/v1
AB  - Mechanochemical reactions can access unusual and useful reactivity, but the electron-transfer steps that govern many of these mechanochemical transformations have remained difficult for time-resolved monitoring. Here we establish a time-resolved strategy for resolving mechanochemical electron transfer by integrating in-situ powder X-ray diffraction with ex-situ quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and magnetometry. Using the formation of a sodium anion complex (sodide) as a model reaction, we show that a mechanically driven disproportionation proceeds through a stepwise pathway involving an electride intermediate. This finding provides direct mechanistic insight into how electrons move through reactive solids under mechanochemical condition. More broadly, it establishes a general experimental blueprint for identifying electronically distinct transient intermediates in mechanochemical redox chemistry.
ER  -