Universal scaling of fluctuations and correlations across the superfluid transition
Abstract
The critical behavior of a system near a continuous phase transition is commonly characterized by power laws and a set of universal critical exponents. Yet universality at phase transitions has even more fundamental manifestations. It dictates that all observables follow universal scaling functions, which may extend beyond simple power laws. Furthermore, microscopic details are captured entirely by only two system-specific scale factors, that rescale any measured quantity onto its universal form. In this work, we report the experimental validation of this prediction in ultracold lattice Bose gases undergoing the superfluid transition. We extract the scale factors by collapsing the order-parameter cumulants measured at varying entropies. We show that these factors specify scaling functions governing both the order-parameter distribution and two-point correlations. By measuring these scaling functions, we also determine three critical exponents β, γ and ν. Our results provide an experimental demonstration that universal scaling is simultaneously obeyed by multiple observables in a quantum many-body system.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{paquiez2026universal,
title = {{Universal scaling of fluctuations and correlations across the superfluid transition}},
author = {Paul Paquiez and Géraud Dupuy and Maxime Allemand and Henri Coquinot and Tommaso Roscilde and Nicolas Dupuis and Adam Rançon and Thomas Chalopin and David Clément},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.03433},
eprint = {2609.03433},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.03433},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Universal scaling of fluctuations and correlations across the superfluid transition
AU - Paul Paquiez
AU - Géraud Dupuy
AU - Maxime Allemand
AU - Henri Coquinot
AU - Tommaso Roscilde
AU - Nicolas Dupuis
AU - Adam Rançon
AU - Thomas Chalopin
AU - David Clément
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/03
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.03433
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.03433
AB - The critical behavior of a system near a continuous phase transition is commonly characterized by power laws and a set of universal critical exponents. Yet universality at phase transitions has even more fundamental manifestations. It dictates that all observables follow universal scaling functions, which may extend beyond simple power laws. Furthermore, microscopic details are captured entirely by only two system-specific scale factors, that rescale any measured quantity onto its universal form. In this work, we report the experimental validation of this prediction in ultracold lattice Bose gases undergoing the superfluid transition. We extract the scale factors by collapsing the order-parameter cumulants measured at varying entropies. We show that these factors specify scaling functions governing both the order-parameter distribution and two-point correlations. By measuring these scaling functions, we also determine three critical exponents β, γ and ν. Our results provide an experimental demonstration that universal scaling is simultaneously obeyed by multiple observables in a quantum many-body system.
ER -