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Peer-reviewedCC BYFrontiers in neuroscience

Longitudinal changes in resting-state EEG eyes-closed/open delta differentiation during an Antarctic expedition

  • Weiting Yang1
  • Haoxin Tian2
  • Guangming Xie3
  • Ying Xu2
  • Qinwen Wang2
  • You Yin1
  • Wuchao Liu4
  • Yanyan Jiang2
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , ,
  2. 2Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , ,
  3. 3Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University , ,
  4. 4Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine , ,
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Abstract

Antarctic polar night brings extreme light deprivation, prolonged isolation and severe circadian disruption, yet longitudinal resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) signatures reflecting neurophysiological alterations in this harsh environment remain poorly characterized. In this exploratory longitudinal research, resting-state EEG recordings with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) were acquired from 16 Antarctic expeditioners at four mission stages: pre-departure, pre-polar-night, early post-polar-night, and austral summer. Linear mixed-effects models with false discovery rate correction were applied to analyze delta eyes-closed/open differentiation (the EC–EO delta log-power difference), delta sub-bands, aperiodic spectral features, entropy, EEG microstates and delta-band functional connectivity. The delta EC–EO difference exhibited consistent, progressively negative shifts in parietal, frontal, whole-brain and occipital regions across the expedition timeline, with the most pronounced shifts observed in recordings obtained during and after the polar-night period; this effect spanned all slow, mid and fast delta sub-bands. Secondary mild temporal variations were observed in aperiodic spectral metrics, occipital sample entropy and global delta connectivity, whereas EEG microstates displayed no significant longitudinal alterations. Collectively, the delta EC–EO difference emerges as a candidate EEG index of resting-state condition differentiation in the low-frequency range, pending validation in larger studies with synchronized behavioral, physiological, and environmental measures.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{yang2026longitudinal,
  title = {{Longitudinal changes in resting-state EEG eyes-closed/open delta differentiation during an Antarctic expedition}},
  author = {Weiting Yang and Haoxin Tian and Guangming Xie and Ying Xu and Qinwen Wang and You Yin and Wuchao Liu and Yanyan Jiang},
  journal = {Frontiers in neuroscience},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fnins.2026.1944325},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13672630},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Longitudinal changes in resting-state EEG eyes-closed/open delta differentiation during an Antarctic expedition
AU  - Weiting Yang
AU  - Haoxin Tian
AU  - Guangming Xie
AU  - Ying Xu
AU  - Qinwen Wang
AU  - You Yin
AU  - Wuchao Liu
AU  - Yanyan Jiang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/02
JO  - Frontiers in neuroscience
DO  - 10.3389/fnins.2026.1944325
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13672630
AB  - Antarctic polar night brings extreme light deprivation, prolonged isolation and severe circadian disruption, yet longitudinal resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) signatures reflecting neurophysiological alterations in this harsh environment remain poorly characterized. In this exploratory longitudinal research, resting-state EEG recordings with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) were acquired from 16 Antarctic expeditioners at four mission stages: pre-departure, pre-polar-night, early post-polar-night, and austral summer. Linear mixed-effects models with false discovery rate correction were applied to analyze delta eyes-closed/open differentiation (the EC–EO delta log-power difference), delta sub-bands, aperiodic spectral features, entropy, EEG microstates and delta-band functional connectivity. The delta EC–EO difference exhibited consistent, progressively negative shifts in parietal, frontal, whole-brain and occipital regions across the expedition timeline, with the most pronounced shifts observed in recordings obtained during and after the polar-night period; this effect spanned all slow, mid and fast delta sub-bands. Secondary mild temporal variations were observed in aperiodic spectral metrics, occipital sample entropy and global delta connectivity, whereas EEG microstates displayed no significant longitudinal alterations. Collectively, the delta EC–EO difference emerges as a candidate EEG index of resting-state condition differentiation in the low-frequency range, pending validation in larger studies with synchronized behavioral, physiological, and environmental measures.
SN  - 1662-4548
SN  - 1662-453X
ER  -