An Optimal Seed Reveals the Dynamical Route to Spontaneous Splitting of Turbulent Puffs
Abstract
The localized turbulence in pipe flow, known as puffs, is sustained by their proliferation. This process is crucial to the subcritical laminar-turbulent transition, a century-old fundamental problem related to a wide range of natural and engineered systems. Here, we leverage the nonlinear nonmodal analysis of a reduced-order model to capture the full Navier-Stokes dynamics of the splitting process: from the splitting seed through the edge state to successful splitting, even when the pre-edge evolution is obscured by the puff's intrinsic chaotic fluctuations. Moreover, the optimized evolution provides a splitting-progress coordinate to frame a phase-space representation of the proliferation, resolving the temporal desynchronization among chaotic realizations and thereby enabling dynamically aligned ensemble averaging to uncover the underlying splitting dynamics. The splitting seed is characterized by a strong velocity inflection, and its energy threshold exhibits a power-law scaling with the Reynolds number, giving the optimal solution direct physical consistency in spontaneous puff splitting.
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BibTeX
@misc{liu2026optimal,
title = {{An Optimal Seed Reveals the Dynamical Route to Spontaneous Splitting of Turbulent Puffs}},
author = {Chihang Liu and Hao Ni and Jiashun Guan},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.38011},
eprint = {2610.38011},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38011},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - An Optimal Seed Reveals the Dynamical Route to Spontaneous Splitting of Turbulent Puffs
AU - Chihang Liu
AU - Hao Ni
AU - Jiashun Guan
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/27
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.38011
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38011
AB - The localized turbulence in pipe flow, known as puffs, is sustained by their proliferation. This process is crucial to the subcritical laminar-turbulent transition, a century-old fundamental problem related to a wide range of natural and engineered systems. Here, we leverage the nonlinear nonmodal analysis of a reduced-order model to capture the full Navier-Stokes dynamics of the splitting process: from the splitting seed through the edge state to successful splitting, even when the pre-edge evolution is obscured by the puff's intrinsic chaotic fluctuations. Moreover, the optimized evolution provides a splitting-progress coordinate to frame a phase-space representation of the proliferation, resolving the temporal desynchronization among chaotic realizations and thereby enabling dynamically aligned ensemble averaging to uncover the underlying splitting dynamics. The splitting seed is characterized by a strong velocity inflection, and its energy threshold exhibits a power-law scaling with the Reynolds number, giving the optimal solution direct physical consistency in spontaneous puff splitting.
ER -