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203,203 studies31 sourcesUpdated 37 min ago
Peer-reviewedCC BY-NCRSC advances

Metal–organic frameworks for antibiotic removal from water and wastewater

  • Kayode Adesina Adegoke1,2
  • Cecilia Opeyemi Babarinde3
  • Oyeladun Rhoda Adegoke2
  • Olatunde Sunday Oladeji4
  • Abel Kolawole Oyebamiji5,6
  • Abayomi Bamisaye7,8
  • Abibat Adeola Adesina4
  • Olugbenga Solomon Bello2
  • Musa A Said9
9 affiliations
  1. 1Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Chennai Tamil Nadu India [email protected].
  2. 2Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology P. M. B. 4000 Ogbomoso Oyo State Nigeria [email protected].
  3. 3Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, Abiola Ajimobi Technical University (formerly First Technical University) Ibadan Nigeria.
  4. 4Department of Industrial Chemistry, Abiola Ajimobi Technical University (formerly First Technical University) Ibadan Nigeria.
  5. 5Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilesa Ilesa Osun State Nigeria.
  6. 6Good Health and Wellbeing Research Clusters (SDG 03), University of Ilesa Ilesa Osun State Nigeria.
  7. 7Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Science, Lead City University Ibadan Nigeria.
  8. 8Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria South Africa.
  9. 9Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah Madinah 42351 Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract

The persistence of antibiotics in aquatic environments has emerged as a critical environmental challenge due to their extensive use, incomplete metabolism, and continuous release from municipal, hospital, and industrial sources. Their accumulation in water and wastewater systems fosters antimicrobial resistance, disrupts ecosystems, and poses severe risks to public health. Conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon and zeolites often fall short in terms of selectivity, regeneration, and adsorption capacity, necessitating innovative alternatives. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with their tunable porosity, high surface areas, adjustable chemical functionalities, and structural diversity, have attracted significant attention as next-generation adsorbents for antibiotic removal. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the occurrence and impacts of antibiotics in aquatic systems, followed by a critical evaluation of the adsorption performance of pristine MOFs, MOF derivatives, and MOF-based composites. Emphasis is placed on synthetic methodologies, purification/activation strategies, and mechanistic insights underlying antibiotic-MOF interactions. Furthermore, the study highlights the regeneration potential of MOFs for sustainable applications, compares their performance with conventional adsorbents, and identifies the persisting challenges in stability, scalability, and selectivity. Finally, knowledge gaps and future directions are outlined, focusing on defect engineering, hybrid frameworks, and other critical factors governing efficient application in real wastewater treatment to accelerate the translation of laboratory studies into practical deployment. By consolidating advances and challenges, this work positions MOFs as promising candidates for addressing the global threat of antibiotic pollution in water and wastewater.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{adegoke2026metalorganic,
  title = {{Metal–organic frameworks for antibiotic removal from water and wastewater}},
  author = {Kayode Adesina Adegoke and Cecilia Opeyemi Babarinde and Oyeladun Rhoda Adegoke and Olatunde Sunday Oladeji and Abel Kolawole Oyebamiji and Abayomi Bamisaye and Abibat Adeola Adesina and Olugbenga Solomon Bello and Musa A Said},
  journal = {RSC advances},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1039/d6ra04068c},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13717510},
  note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Metal–organic frameworks for antibiotic removal from water and wastewater
AU  - Kayode Adesina Adegoke
AU  - Cecilia Opeyemi Babarinde
AU  - Oyeladun Rhoda Adegoke
AU  - Olatunde Sunday Oladeji
AU  - Abel Kolawole Oyebamiji
AU  - Abayomi Bamisaye
AU  - Abibat Adeola Adesina
AU  - Olugbenga Solomon Bello
AU  - Musa A Said
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/29
JO  - RSC advances
DO  - 10.1039/d6ra04068c
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13717510
AB  - The persistence of antibiotics in aquatic environments has emerged as a critical environmental challenge due to their extensive use, incomplete metabolism, and continuous release from municipal, hospital, and industrial sources. Their accumulation in water and wastewater systems fosters antimicrobial resistance, disrupts ecosystems, and poses severe risks to public health. Conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon and zeolites often fall short in terms of selectivity, regeneration, and adsorption capacity, necessitating innovative alternatives. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with their tunable porosity, high surface areas, adjustable chemical functionalities, and structural diversity, have attracted significant attention as next-generation adsorbents for antibiotic removal. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the occurrence and impacts of antibiotics in aquatic systems, followed by a critical evaluation of the adsorption performance of pristine MOFs, MOF derivatives, and MOF-based composites. Emphasis is placed on synthetic methodologies, purification/activation strategies, and mechanistic insights underlying antibiotic-MOF interactions. Furthermore, the study highlights the regeneration potential of MOFs for sustainable applications, compares their performance with conventional adsorbents, and identifies the persisting challenges in stability, scalability, and selectivity. Finally, knowledge gaps and future directions are outlined, focusing on defect engineering, hybrid frameworks, and other critical factors governing efficient application in real wastewater treatment to accelerate the translation of laboratory studies into practical deployment. By consolidating advances and challenges, this work positions MOFs as promising candidates for addressing the global threat of antibiotic pollution in water and wastewater.
SN  - 2046-2069
ER  -