Enhancing classical simulation with noisy quantum devices
- 1Yau Mathematical Sciences Center, Tsinghua University
Abstract
Noise is usually treated as an obstacle to reliable quantum computation. Here, we show that noisy quantum data can instead enhance classical simulation by introducing the Noisy-device-enhanced Classical Simulation (NDE-CS) protocol. NDE-CS decomposes the expectation value of a target non-Clifford parameterized quantum circuit into a linear combination of expectation values of Clifford circuits. These Clifford circuits are sampled by replacing the rotation gates in the target circuit with Clifford analogs, while preserving the original gate layout and connectivity. The protocol learns highly efficient linear combinations from noisy expectation values on quantum hardware and uses them to reconstruct the noiseless target expectation value. Numerical simulations show that NDE-CS outperforms layer-wise stabilizer Monte Carlo baselines and, for two specific circuit families, requires substantially fewer resources than Sparse Pauli Dynamics (SPD), highlighting its complementary role to SPD. Lastly, we experimentally implement NDE-CS on a superconducting quantum processor, demonstrating that the protocol remains effective on real-world quantum hardware.
Related
- Parallel classical simulation of noisy shallow circuits: no quantum advantage in 1D
- Practical Fidelity Estimation for Noisy Quantum Devices Using Direct and Survival-Probability-Based Protocols
- Complex Quantum Dynamics Versus Classical Simulability of Noisy Random Circuits
- A polynomial-time classical sampler for noisy quantum circuits from statistical mechanics
- Quantum Simulation of Nuclear Shell Model Using GCM-Based Methods on NISQ Devices
BibTeX
@article{zhang2026enhancing,
title = {{Enhancing classical simulation with noisy quantum devices}},
author = {Ruiqi Zhang and Fuchuan Wei and Zhaohui Wei},
journal = {npj Quantum Information},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1038/s41534-026-01314-y},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-026-01314-y},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Enhancing classical simulation with noisy quantum devices
AU - Ruiqi Zhang
AU - Fuchuan Wei
AU - Zhaohui Wei
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/01
JO - npj Quantum Information
DO - 10.1038/s41534-026-01314-y
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-026-01314-y
AB - Noise is usually treated as an obstacle to reliable quantum computation. Here, we show that noisy quantum data can instead enhance classical simulation by introducing the Noisy-device-enhanced Classical Simulation (NDE-CS) protocol. NDE-CS decomposes the expectation value of a target non-Clifford parameterized quantum circuit into a linear combination of expectation values of Clifford circuits. These Clifford circuits are sampled by replacing the rotation gates in the target circuit with Clifford analogs, while preserving the original gate layout and connectivity. The protocol learns highly efficient linear combinations from noisy expectation values on quantum hardware and uses them to reconstruct the noiseless target expectation value. Numerical simulations show that NDE-CS outperforms layer-wise stabilizer Monte Carlo baselines and, for two specific circuit families, requires substantially fewer resources than Sparse Pauli Dynamics (SPD), highlighting its complementary role to SPD. Lastly, we experimentally implement NDE-CS on a superconducting quantum processor, demonstrating that the protocol remains effective on real-world quantum hardware.
SN - 2056-6387
ER -