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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Health Science Reports

Bacterial Agents and Their Multidrug‐Resistance Profile Among Patients Suspected of Bacterial Infections in Hakim Gizaw Hospital, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study

  • Tizazu Zenebe Zelelie1
  • Ermias Endewunetu2
  • Yosef Temesgen3
  • Demissew Shenkute Gebreyes1
  • Zenawork Sahile1
  • Biniam Mekonnen4
  • Getachew Bizuneh2
  • Asrat Berihun2
  • Berhanu Yitayew5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia
  2. 2Department of Internal Medicine, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia
  3. 3Department of Surgery, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia
  4. 4Department of Paediatrics, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia
  5. 5Armauer Hansen Research Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia
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Abstract

Background and Aims: Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat. Bacteria showed higher resistance in Ethiopia, and up‐to‐date data on it is urgently required for effective interventions. This study aimed to determine occurrence of multi‐drug‐resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates among patients presented to Hakim Gizaw Hospital (HGH).

Methods: A health‐facility based cross sectional study was conducted in HGH, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. All patients presented to HGH and diagnosed bacterial infections were eligible for the study. Depending on the clinical presentation of the patient, different clinical samples were investigated in microbiology laboratory following standard operating procedures. The analysis was carried out using SPSS version 27.

Results: A total of 252 study participants were included in the analysis. The gender distribution was nearly equal, with 128 (50.8%, 128/252) females. Among all participants, 103 (40.9%, 103/252) were culture positive, irrespective of whether one or two bacterial isolates (polymicrobial) were identified. The prevalence of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria was 26% (65/252) and 20% (50/252), respectively. Among all bacteria, S. aureus (40%, 46/115) was the predominant followed by E. coli (11.3%, 13/115). E. coli showed higher resistant to Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Doxycycline (DOX), Trimethoprim‐sulfamethozole (SXT), Cefoxitin (FOX), and Ceftaroline (CTR) (all ≥ 61.5%). K. pneumonia showed resistant from 27.3%–90.9%, with low resistant against GM and high resistant against Ampicillin (AM, 90.9%) and Amoxicilin‐clavulanate (AMC, 90.9%). S. aureus showed higher resistant against CIP (58.7%), SXT (60.9%), and Erythromycin (E, 67.4%). MDR rate was 66.1% (72/109). Among Gram‐negative bacteria, the prevalence of ESBLs and carbapenemase production was 66% (33/50) and 44% (22/50), respectively. Only age greater than 18 years old was significantly associated with MDR positive.

Conclusions: Many bacterial infections were linked with high MDR bacterial isolates. However, few patient characteristics were shown statistical significance association. Thus, diagnosis and treatment of patients must be evidence based.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zelelie2026bacterial,
  title = {{Bacterial Agents and Their Multidrug‐Resistance Profile Among Patients Suspected of Bacterial Infections in Hakim Gizaw Hospital, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study}},
  author = {Tizazu Zenebe Zelelie and Ermias Endewunetu and Yosef Temesgen and Demissew Shenkute Gebreyes and Zenawork Sahile and Biniam Mekonnen and Getachew Bizuneh and Asrat Berihun and Berhanu Yitayew},
  journal = {Health Science Reports},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1002/hsr2.73346},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.73346},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Bacterial Agents and Their Multidrug‐Resistance Profile Among Patients Suspected of Bacterial Infections in Hakim Gizaw Hospital, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
AU  - Tizazu Zenebe Zelelie
AU  - Ermias Endewunetu
AU  - Yosef Temesgen
AU  - Demissew Shenkute Gebreyes
AU  - Zenawork Sahile
AU  - Biniam Mekonnen
AU  - Getachew Bizuneh
AU  - Asrat Berihun
AU  - Berhanu Yitayew
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
JO  - Health Science Reports
DO  - 10.1002/hsr2.73346
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.73346
AB  - Background and Aims: Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat. Bacteria showed higher resistance in Ethiopia, and up‐to‐date data on it is urgently required for effective interventions. This study aimed to determine occurrence of multi‐drug‐resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates among patients presented to Hakim Gizaw Hospital (HGH).  Methods: A health‐facility based cross sectional study was conducted in HGH, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. All patients presented to HGH and diagnosed bacterial infections were eligible for the study. Depending on the clinical presentation of the patient, different clinical samples were investigated in microbiology laboratory following standard operating procedures. The analysis was carried out using SPSS version 27.  Results: A total of 252 study participants were included in the analysis. The gender distribution was nearly equal, with 128 (50.8%, 128/252) females. Among all participants, 103 (40.9%, 103/252) were culture positive, irrespective of whether one or two bacterial isolates (polymicrobial) were identified. The prevalence of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria was 26% (65/252) and 20% (50/252), respectively. Among all bacteria, S. aureus (40%, 46/115) was the predominant followed by E. coli (11.3%, 13/115). E. coli showed higher resistant to Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Doxycycline (DOX), Trimethoprim‐sulfamethozole (SXT), Cefoxitin (FOX), and Ceftaroline (CTR) (all ≥ 61.5%). K. pneumonia showed resistant from 27.3%–90.9%, with low resistant against GM and high resistant against Ampicillin (AM, 90.9%) and Amoxicilin‐clavulanate (AMC, 90.9%). S. aureus showed higher resistant against CIP (58.7%), SXT (60.9%), and Erythromycin (E, 67.4%). MDR rate was 66.1% (72/109). Among Gram‐negative bacteria, the prevalence of ESBLs and carbapenemase production was 66% (33/50) and 44% (22/50), respectively. Only age greater than 18 years old was significantly associated with MDR positive.  Conclusions: Many bacterial infections were linked with high MDR bacterial isolates. However, few patient characteristics were shown statistical significance association. Thus, diagnosis and treatment of patients must be evidence based.
SN  - 2398-8835
ER  -