MITD1 restricts HIV-1 release by targeting ESCRT-III proteins
Abstract
HIV-1 release from infected cells requires coordinated action of the viral Gag protein and the host endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. How innate immunity regulates ESCRT function to limit viral egress remains unclear. Here, we show that MITD1, a cell type-specific interferon-stimulated gene, is a potent inhibitor of ESCRT-dependent HIV-1 budding. MITD1 engages ESCRT-III subunits CHMP1B and CHMP4B, driving their incorporation into aggregates and impairing ESCRT-III assembly during HIV-1 budding. This disrupts the final steps of virion release, causing an accumulation of immature particles at the plasma membrane. MITD1 overexpression reduces HIV-1 release from cell lines, primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and human microglia, while sparing the release of ESCRT-independent viruses. These findings establish MITD1 as an interferon-stimulated restriction factor that limits HIV-1 egress by perturbing ESCRT-III assembly.
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BibTeX
@article{zoladek2026mitd1,
title = {{MITD1 restricts HIV-1 release by targeting ESCRT-III proteins}},
author = {Jim Zoladek and Marion Cannac and Claire Lacouture and Emma Perdriau and Julien Burlaud-Gaillard and Philippe Roingeard and Delphine Muriaux and Sébastien Nisole},
journal = {Cell Reports},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117773},
url = {https://inserm.hal.science/inserm-05778699v1},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - MITD1 restricts HIV-1 release by targeting ESCRT-III proteins
AU - Jim Zoladek
AU - Marion Cannac
AU - Claire Lacouture
AU - Emma Perdriau
AU - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
AU - Philippe Roingeard
AU - Delphine Muriaux
AU - Sébastien Nisole
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/05
JO - Cell Reports
DO - 10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117773
UR - https://inserm.hal.science/inserm-05778699v1
AB - HIV-1 release from infected cells requires coordinated action of the viral Gag protein and the host endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. How innate immunity regulates ESCRT function to limit viral egress remains unclear. Here, we show that MITD1, a cell type-specific interferon-stimulated gene, is a potent inhibitor of ESCRT-dependent HIV-1 budding. MITD1 engages ESCRT-III subunits CHMP1B and CHMP4B, driving their incorporation into aggregates and impairing ESCRT-III assembly during HIV-1 budding. This disrupts the final steps of virion release, causing an accumulation of immature particles at the plasma membrane. MITD1 overexpression reduces HIV-1 release from cell lines, primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and human microglia, while sparing the release of ESCRT-independent viruses. These findings establish MITD1 as an interferon-stimulated restriction factor that limits HIV-1 egress by perturbing ESCRT-III assembly.
SN - 2211-1247
SN - 2211-1247
ER -