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Peer-reviewedCC BYTropical life sciences research

Identification of Xylaria cubensis Isolated from Moringa oleifera Leaves and Its Antibacterial Potentials.

  • Siti Aisyah Daud1
  • Wong Chaim Tung1
  • Latiffah Zakaria1
  • Nurul Farizah Azuddin1
  • Tan Wen Nee2
  • Nurhaida3
  • Syarifah Ab Rashid1
  • Yee Simone1
  1. 1School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
  2. 2School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
  3. 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Indonesia.
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Abstract

The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance underscores the need for novel natural therapeutic agents. Endophytic fungi are recognised as prolific producers of bioactive metabolites with antimicrobial potential. In this study, an endophytic fungus isolated from mature leaves of Moringa oleifera was molecularly identified as closely related to Xylaria cubensis. Its ethyl acetate extract exhibited notable antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 100 mg/mL. Scanning electron microscopy revealed pronounced morphological alterations in treated B. subtilis cells, including shrinkage and lysis, consistent with membrane disruption. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified four major compounds: 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione (hexahydro-3-(1-methylethyl)), 3-furanacetic acid (4-hexyl-2,5-dihydro-2,5-dioxo-) and 1,3,5-xylenol. These findings highlight the antibacterial potential of endophytic X. cubensis from M. oleifera, particularly against B. subtilis, and support the role of endophytic fungi as promising sources of natural antimicrobial compounds for future therapeutic development.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{daud2026identification,
  title = {{Identification of Xylaria cubensis Isolated from Moringa oleifera Leaves and Its Antibacterial Potentials.}},
  author = {Siti Aisyah Daud and Wong Chaim Tung and Latiffah Zakaria and Nurul Farizah Azuddin and Tan Wen Nee and Nurhaida and Syarifah Ab Rashid and Yee Simone},
  journal = {Tropical life sciences research},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.21315/tlsr2026.37.3.9},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42997888},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Identification of Xylaria cubensis Isolated from Moringa oleifera Leaves and Its Antibacterial Potentials.
AU  - Siti Aisyah Daud
AU  - Wong Chaim Tung
AU  - Latiffah Zakaria
AU  - Nurul Farizah Azuddin
AU  - Tan Wen Nee
AU  - Nurhaida
AU  - Syarifah Ab Rashid
AU  - Yee Simone
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/15
JO  - Tropical life sciences research
DO  - 10.21315/tlsr2026.37.3.9
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42997888
AB  - The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance underscores the need for novel natural therapeutic agents. Endophytic fungi are recognised as prolific producers of bioactive metabolites with antimicrobial potential. In this study, an endophytic fungus isolated from mature leaves of Moringa oleifera was molecularly identified as closely related to Xylaria cubensis. Its ethyl acetate extract exhibited notable antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 100 mg/mL. Scanning electron microscopy revealed pronounced morphological alterations in treated B. subtilis cells, including shrinkage and lysis, consistent with membrane disruption. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified four major compounds: 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione (hexahydro-3-(1-methylethyl)), 3-furanacetic acid (4-hexyl-2,5-dihydro-2,5-dioxo-) and 1,3,5-xylenol. These findings highlight the antibacterial potential of endophytic X. cubensis from M. oleifera, particularly against B. subtilis, and support the role of endophytic fungi as promising sources of natural antimicrobial compounds for future therapeutic development.
SN  - 1985-3718
SN  - 2180-4249
ER  -