Index-window C-reactive protein and carcinoembryonic antigen and five-year all-cause mortality in…

Abstract

Aims

To examine index-window carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and five-year recorded mortality by ethnicity in colorectal cancer.Patients and methods

This retrospective University of California Health Data Warehouse cohort included Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic White adults indexed during 2012-2020 with both biomarkers measured within ±30 days and complete covariates. Linear regression modeled log(CEA + 0.1); Cox regression modeled recorded all-cause mortality.Results

Among 345 patients, 143 deaths were recorded. Hispanic/Latino ethnicity was associated with higher log(CEA + 0.1) (β = 0.743; robust 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.202-1.285; P = 0.007). The mortality association was nonsignificant (hazard ratio [HR], 0.723; 95% CI, 0.483-1.084; P = 0.117). Higher log(CEA + 0.1) (HR, 1.266; 95% CI, 1.174-1.366; P < 0.001) and log(CRP + 0.1) (HR, 1.134; 95% CI, 1.037-1.239; P = 0.006) were associated with mortality.Conclusions

In this biomarker-selected cohort, Hispanic/Latino patients had higher recorded CEA without a statistically significant ethnic-group mortality difference. Confirmation requires clinically characterized cohorts with stage, treatment, biomarker timing, verified assay comparability, and complete mortality ascertainment.

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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@article{martinez2026indexwindow,
  title = {{Index-window C-reactive protein and carcinoembryonic antigen and five-year all-cause mortality in Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic White patients with colorectal cancer: a retrospective biomarker cohort study.}},
  author = {Freddy Martinez and Raphael E Cuomo},
  journal = {Future science OA},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1080/20565623.2026.2743711},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42848519},
  note = {CC BY-NC},
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Index-window C-reactive protein and carcinoembryonic antigen and five-year all-cause mortality in Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic White patients with colorectal cancer: a retrospective biomarker cohort study.
AU  - Freddy Martinez
AU  - Raphael E Cuomo
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
JO  - Future science OA
DO  - 10.1080/20565623.2026.2743711
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42848519
AB  - Aims  To examine index-window carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and five-year recorded mortality by ethnicity in colorectal cancer.Patients and methods  This retrospective University of California Health Data Warehouse cohort included Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic White adults indexed during 2012-2020 with both biomarkers measured within ±30 days and complete covariates. Linear regression modeled log(CEA + 0.1); Cox regression modeled recorded all-cause mortality.Results  Among 345 patients, 143 deaths were recorded. Hispanic/Latino ethnicity was associated with higher log(CEA + 0.1) (β = 0.743; robust 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.202-1.285; P = 0.007). The mortality association was nonsignificant (hazard ratio [HR], 0.723; 95% CI, 0.483-1.084; P = 0.117). Higher log(CEA + 0.1) (HR, 1.266; 95% CI, 1.174-1.366; P < 0.001) and log(CRP + 0.1) (HR, 1.134; 95% CI, 1.037-1.239; P = 0.006) were associated with mortality.Conclusions  In this biomarker-selected cohort, Hispanic/Latino patients had higher recorded CEA without a statistically significant ethnic-group mortality difference. Confirmation requires clinically characterized cohorts with stage, treatment, biomarker timing, verified assay comparability, and complete mortality ascertainment.
SN  - 2056-5623
ER  -

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