Finite-event modulation transfer through forward-scattering media

Abstract

How spatial structure is transferred through a forward-scattering medium depends jointly on pattern scale and propagation distance. Starting from photon exit displacements, we derive modulation transfer while retaining the number, depths, and projected angles of individual deflections, with event occurrences described by a homogeneous Poisson process along the propagation path. The second angular moment yields a leading low-frequency loss proportional to k²z³, where k is angular spatial frequency and z is thickness. At finite frequency, the model predicts two coupled departures: loss bends below its low-frequency quadratic extrapolation at fixed thickness, and transfer curves separate by thickness at fixed k²z³. The leading corrections to both effects arise from the same fourth angular moment. For symmetric, nondegenerate projected-angle distributions, the full response further establishes increasing loss with thickness in the same medium at fixed joint variable. Binary-pattern measurements through TiO₂ suspensions span five nominal loadings, seven thicknesses, and 20 spatial frequencies, supporting the approximate low-frequency scaling and showing both departures. A Gaussian effective-angle response calibrated only on lower-frequency data predicts the held-out higher-frequency band without refitting, with a logarithmic root-mean-square error of 0.0181 compared with 0.1021 for quadratic extrapolation. The results show that finite-event statistics provide a common physical origin for spectral bending and thickness-dependent departure from low-frequency scaling, linking coarse-pattern transport to finer spatial structure.

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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{wang2026finiteevent,
  title = {{Finite-event modulation transfer through forward-scattering media}},
  author = {Chong Wang and Liangfeng Hu and Yuchen He and Huaibin Zheng and Hui Chen and Jianbin Liu and Yu Zhou and Zhuo Xu},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.16728},
  eprint = {2610.16728},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.16728},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Finite-event modulation transfer through forward-scattering media
AU  - Chong Wang
AU  - Liangfeng Hu
AU  - Yuchen He
AU  - Huaibin Zheng
AU  - Hui Chen
AU  - Jianbin Liu
AU  - Yu Zhou
AU  - Zhuo Xu
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/12
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.16728
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.16728
AB  - How spatial structure is transferred through a forward-scattering medium depends jointly on pattern scale and propagation distance. Starting from photon exit displacements, we derive modulation transfer while retaining the number, depths, and projected angles of individual deflections, with event occurrences described by a homogeneous Poisson process along the propagation path. The second angular moment yields a leading low-frequency loss proportional to k^2z^3, where k is angular spatial frequency and z is thickness. At finite frequency, the model predicts two coupled departures: loss bends below its low-frequency quadratic extrapolation at fixed thickness, and transfer curves separate by thickness at fixed k^2z^3. The leading corrections to both effects arise from the same fourth angular moment. For symmetric, nondegenerate projected-angle distributions, the full response further establishes increasing loss with thickness in the same medium at fixed joint variable. Binary-pattern measurements through TiO_2 suspensions span five nominal loadings, seven thicknesses, and 20 spatial frequencies, supporting the approximate low-frequency scaling and showing both departures. A Gaussian effective-angle response calibrated only on lower-frequency data predicts the held-out higher-frequency band without refitting, with a logarithmic root-mean-square error of 0.0181 compared with 0.1021 for quadratic extrapolation. The results show that finite-event statistics provide a common physical origin for spectral bending and thickness-dependent departure from low-frequency scaling, linking coarse-pattern transport to finer spatial structure.
ER  -

Abstract

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