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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Catalysts

Ru-Promoted Ni/ZIF-8 Catalysts for C–C Coupling in the Upgrading of Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol Mixtures

  • Krittanun Deekamwong1,2
  • Chaiyasit Phawa1
  • Piyanat Seejandee1
  • Yingyot Poo-Arporn3
  • Wanwisa Limphirat3
  • Sirinuch Loiha4
  • Siriporn Kosawatthanakun5
  • Pongtanawat Khemthong5
  • Jatuporn Wittayakun1
  • Sanchai Prayoonpokarach1
5 affiliations
  1. 1School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
  2. 2Institute of Research and Development, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
  3. 3Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
  4. 4Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
  5. 5National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Abstract

Catalytic upgrading of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) mixtures provides a route to higher-value oxygenates for chemicals and fuel precursors. Here, Ni-, Ru-, and Ni–Ru-loaded ZIF-8 catalysts were prepared and evaluated for ABE upgrading, with particular emphasis on C7 oxygenate formation and the roles of reductive activation and acid–base properties. In situ Ni K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that Ru facilitated Ni reduction during H2 activation, while CO2-TPD indicated increased basicity upon Ni incorporation. Among the activated catalysts, bimetallic 4Ni2RuZ8_act gave the highest 2-heptanone yield, exceeding the combined yields of the corresponding monometallic catalysts and suggesting a synergistic Ni–Ru effect. A pathway involving n-butanol dehydrogenation, C–C coupling with acetone-derived species to form 3-hepten-2-one, and subsequent hydrogenation to 2-heptanone was proposed. At 240 °C for 20 h using 20 mg of catalyst, 4Ni2RuZ8_act achieved 61.8% acetone conversion and produced 432 µmol of 2-heptanone. Reuse decreased both values by approximately 20%, accompanied by partial ZIF-8 degradation and ZnO formation. These results demonstrate the potential of multifunctional Ni–Ru/ZIF-8 catalysts for ABE upgrading toward C7 oxygenates while identifying structural stability as a key challenge for further development.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{deekamwong2026rupromoted,
  title = {{Ru-Promoted Ni/ZIF-8 Catalysts for C–C Coupling in the Upgrading of Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol Mixtures}},
  author = {Krittanun Deekamwong and Chaiyasit Phawa and Piyanat Seejandee and Yingyot Poo-Arporn and Wanwisa Limphirat and Sirinuch Loiha and Siriporn Kosawatthanakun and Pongtanawat Khemthong and Jatuporn Wittayakun and Sanchai Prayoonpokarach},
  journal = {Catalysts},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/catal16100887},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/16/10/887},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ru-Promoted Ni/ZIF-8 Catalysts for C–C Coupling in the Upgrading of Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol Mixtures
AU  - Krittanun Deekamwong
AU  - Chaiyasit Phawa
AU  - Piyanat Seejandee
AU  - Yingyot Poo-Arporn
AU  - Wanwisa Limphirat
AU  - Sirinuch Loiha
AU  - Siriporn Kosawatthanakun
AU  - Pongtanawat Khemthong
AU  - Jatuporn Wittayakun
AU  - Sanchai Prayoonpokarach
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/07
JO  - Catalysts
DO  - 10.3390/catal16100887
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/16/10/887
AB  - Catalytic upgrading of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) mixtures provides a route to higher-value oxygenates for chemicals and fuel precursors. Here, Ni-, Ru-, and Ni–Ru-loaded ZIF-8 catalysts were prepared and evaluated for ABE upgrading, with particular emphasis on C7 oxygenate formation and the roles of reductive activation and acid–base properties. In situ Ni K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that Ru facilitated Ni reduction during H2 activation, while CO2-TPD indicated increased basicity upon Ni incorporation. Among the activated catalysts, bimetallic 4Ni2RuZ8_act gave the highest 2-heptanone yield, exceeding the combined yields of the corresponding monometallic catalysts and suggesting a synergistic Ni–Ru effect. A pathway involving n-butanol dehydrogenation, C–C coupling with acetone-derived species to form 3-hepten-2-one, and subsequent hydrogenation to 2-heptanone was proposed. At 240 °C for 20 h using 20 mg of catalyst, 4Ni2RuZ8_act achieved 61.8% acetone conversion and produced 432 µmol of 2-heptanone. Reuse decreased both values by approximately 20%, accompanied by partial ZIF-8 degradation and ZnO formation. These results demonstrate the potential of multifunctional Ni–Ru/ZIF-8 catalysts for ABE upgrading toward C7 oxygenates while identifying structural stability as a key challenge for further development.
SN  - 2073-4344
ER  -