Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Fresh and Dried Rumex acetosa Leaf Extracts: Characterization and Antibacterial Activity
5 affiliations
- 1Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Türkiye
- 2² Cosmetics Cleaning and Chemical Products Production Education, Application and Research Center, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Türkiye
- 3Advanced Technology Education Research and Application Center, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Türkiye
- 4Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Turkey
- 5Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Türkiye
Abstract
Background: In this study, we aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using aqueous extracts of fresh and dried Rumex acetosa leaves and characterize their physicochemical properties and antibacterial activities. Methods: Nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis, FE-SEM, EDX, DLS, zeta potential measurements, XRD, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against five bacterial reference strains using a resazurin microdilution assay to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Results: ZnO NPs from both extracts were spherical and had a hexagonal wurtzite structure. For the fresh and dried leaf preparations, respectively, particle sizes were 12–23 and 19–46 nm, hydrodynamic diameters were approximately 51 and 69 nm, and zeta potentials were approximately −24 and −14 mV. Both samples showed characteristic ZnO UV absorption, band gaps of 3.17 and 3.15 eV, respectively, and Zn–O stretching near 435 cm−1. EDX detected carbon in the fresh leaf preparation. Both preparations inhibited all tested bacteria, with MICs ranging from 14.20 to 113.64 µg/mL for fresh leaf and from 7.10 to 113.64 µg/mL for dried leaf preparations. Conclusions: Dried leaf extract-derived ZnO NPs may be evaluated for photocatalysis, UV protection, and sensing, while the antibacterial activity of fresh leaf extract-derived ZnO NPs suggests potential for coatings, wound dressings, and food packaging.
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BibTeX
@article{bayram2026green,
title = {{Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Fresh and Dried Rumex acetosa Leaf Extracts: Characterization and Antibacterial Activity}},
author = {Gül Bayram and Sevda İldan Özmen and Taylan Bozok and Nuran Delialioğlu},
journal = {Nanomaterials},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3390/nano16211441},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/16/21/1441},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Fresh and Dried Rumex acetosa Leaf Extracts: Characterization and Antibacterial Activity
AU - Gül Bayram
AU - Sevda İldan Özmen
AU - Taylan Bozok
AU - Nuran Delialioğlu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/06
JO - Nanomaterials
DO - 10.3390/nano16211441
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/16/21/1441
AB - Background: In this study, we aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using aqueous extracts of fresh and dried Rumex acetosa leaves and characterize their physicochemical properties and antibacterial activities. Methods: Nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis, FE-SEM, EDX, DLS, zeta potential measurements, XRD, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against five bacterial reference strains using a resazurin microdilution assay to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Results: ZnO NPs from both extracts were spherical and had a hexagonal wurtzite structure. For the fresh and dried leaf preparations, respectively, particle sizes were 12–23 and 19–46 nm, hydrodynamic diameters were approximately 51 and 69 nm, and zeta potentials were approximately −24 and −14 mV. Both samples showed characteristic ZnO UV absorption, band gaps of 3.17 and 3.15 eV, respectively, and Zn–O stretching near 435 cm−1. EDX detected carbon in the fresh leaf preparation. Both preparations inhibited all tested bacteria, with MICs ranging from 14.20 to 113.64 µg/mL for fresh leaf and from 7.10 to 113.64 µg/mL for dried leaf preparations. Conclusions: Dried leaf extract-derived ZnO NPs may be evaluated for photocatalysis, UV protection, and sensing, while the antibacterial activity of fresh leaf extract-derived ZnO NPs suggests potential for coatings, wound dressings, and food packaging.
SN - 2079-4991
ER -