Digital twin for full field-of-view Fraunhofer holographic patterning
Abstract
Computer-generated holography allows for nearly complete dynamic control of optical fields, but discrepancies between idealised propagation models and physical hardware limit its performance, particularly across large fields of view. We present a compact differentiable model of a Fraunhofer holographic projector which describes the complete propagation chain, from a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) to the camera recording the focal plane of a Fourier lens. It uses physically interpretable parameters for the SLM, illumination, pupil, coherent stray light, and camera. The model is identified in situ from noise-probed hologram-image pairs without additional hardware, system modification, or camera-in-the-loop refinement. The recovered digital twin is used to generate holograms for patterns spanning the entire first diffraction order of the SLM at its spatial-bandwidth limit. This full-field capability is enabled by measuring field-dependent pupil aberrations and compensating severe inter-pixel crosstalk by operating at the 4π phase modulation range. The stray light responsible for residual zeroth-order artefacts is recovered in amplitude and phase, allowing its physical origin to be investigated, and its contribution suppressed during hologram synthesis. The work establishes a framework for calibration-aware field synthesis in holographic systems operating in the Fraunhofer regime for applications such as maskless lithography and optical tweezer arrays.
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BibTeX
@misc{wojcik2026digital,
title = {{Digital twin for full field-of-view Fraunhofer holographic patterning}},
author = {Antoni J. Wojcik and Dilawer Singh and Hannah J. Joyce and Timothy D. Wilkinson},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.02518},
eprint = {2610.02518},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02518},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Digital twin for full field-of-view Fraunhofer holographic patterning
AU - Antoni J. Wojcik
AU - Dilawer Singh
AU - Hannah J. Joyce
AU - Timothy D. Wilkinson
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.02518
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02518
AB - Computer-generated holography allows for nearly complete dynamic control of optical fields, but discrepancies between idealised propagation models and physical hardware limit its performance, particularly across large fields of view. We present a compact differentiable model of a Fraunhofer holographic projector which describes the complete propagation chain, from a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) to the camera recording the focal plane of a Fourier lens. It uses physically interpretable parameters for the SLM, illumination, pupil, coherent stray light, and camera. The model is identified in situ from noise-probed hologram-image pairs without additional hardware, system modification, or camera-in-the-loop refinement. The recovered digital twin is used to generate holograms for patterns spanning the entire first diffraction order of the SLM at its spatial-bandwidth limit. This full-field capability is enabled by measuring field-dependent pupil aberrations and compensating severe inter-pixel crosstalk by operating at the 4π phase modulation range. The stray light responsible for residual zeroth-order artefacts is recovered in amplitude and phase, allowing its physical origin to be investigated, and its contribution suppressed during hologram synthesis. The work establishes a framework for calibration-aware field synthesis in holographic systems operating in the Fraunhofer regime for applications such as maskless lithography and optical tweezer arrays.
ER -