Restoration of PPD-Induced Injury in iHDPCs via the OS–Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway: Screening and Validation of Natural Compounds
- 1School of Light Industry Science and Engineering (International School of Cosmetics), Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- 2National Institutes for Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of curcumin (Cur), resveratrol (Res), and astragaloside IV (AS-IV) against p-phenylenediamine (PPD)-induced injury in human immortalized dermal papilla cells (iHDPCs), with a focus on phenotypic endpoints that are suggestive of the oxidative stress–mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Putative core targets were predicted via network pharmacology and molecular docking, and cellular responses were evaluated using CCK-8, DCFH-DA, JC-1, and Annexin V/PI assays in both PPD- and H2O2-exposed models. 1623 Collectively, these observations are consistent with the possibility that Cur, Res, and AS-IV may alleviate PPD-induced cellular damage, potentially through modulation of oxidative status and mitochondrial homeostasis. However, because the current experiments do not directly measure NRF2 nuclear translocation, downstream antioxidant enzyme expression (e.g., P-AKT HO-1, NQO1), BAX/BCL-2 ratio, cytochrome c release, or caspase activation, they cannot establish target engagement or a definitive causal link to the proposed pathway. Therefore, our findings should be interpreted as correlative and hypothesis-generating; direct mechanistic validation is required to confirm the involvement of this pathway. Nevertheless, the consistent protective phenotypes observed make these compounds, particularly AS-IV, promising candidates for the development of next-generation hair dyes.
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BibTeX
@article{ren2026restoration,
title = {{Restoration of PPD-Induced Injury in iHDPCs via the OS–Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway: Screening and Validation of Natural Compounds}},
author = {Yi Ren and Jiqing He and Linxin Zheng and Lizhi Yue and Congfen He and Dianchao Huang and Fenglan Zhang},
journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/ijms27209109},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9109},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Restoration of PPD-Induced Injury in iHDPCs via the OS–Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway: Screening and Validation of Natural Compounds
AU - Yi Ren
AU - Jiqing He
AU - Linxin Zheng
AU - Lizhi Yue
AU - Congfen He
AU - Dianchao Huang
AU - Fenglan Zhang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO - 10.3390/ijms27209109
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9109
AB - This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of curcumin (Cur), resveratrol (Res), and astragaloside IV (AS-IV) against p-phenylenediamine (PPD)-induced injury in human immortalized dermal papilla cells (iHDPCs), with a focus on phenotypic endpoints that are suggestive of the oxidative stress–mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Putative core targets were predicted via network pharmacology and molecular docking, and cellular responses were evaluated using CCK-8, DCFH-DA, JC-1, and Annexin V/PI assays in both PPD- and H2O2-exposed models. 1623 Collectively, these observations are consistent with the possibility that Cur, Res, and AS-IV may alleviate PPD-induced cellular damage, potentially through modulation of oxidative status and mitochondrial homeostasis. However, because the current experiments do not directly measure NRF2 nuclear translocation, downstream antioxidant enzyme expression (e.g., P-AKT HO-1, NQO1), BAX/BCL-2 ratio, cytochrome c release, or caspase activation, they cannot establish target engagement or a definitive causal link to the proposed pathway. Therefore, our findings should be interpreted as correlative and hypothesis-generating; direct mechanistic validation is required to confirm the involvement of this pathway. Nevertheless, the consistent protective phenotypes observed make these compounds, particularly AS-IV, promising candidates for the development of next-generation hair dyes.
SN - 1422-0067
ER -