Achieving micrometer-scale 4D X-ray tomography of living leaf tissue in the laboratory.
5 affiliations
- 1Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
- 2Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building, 307 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
- 3Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [email protected].
- 4Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Agnes Nielsens Vej, Building 301, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
- 5Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building, 307 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. [email protected].
Abstract
A methodology for achieving micrometer-scale 4D X-ray lab microscopy of living leaf tissue was developed to overcome challenges associated with delicate tissues, radiation damage, and motion artifacts during in vivo imaging. The study focused on optimizing laboratory-based X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT) parameters to balance high-resolution imaging with minimized physiological stress and radiation dose quantification. Assessing the dose-safe imaging window required comparing vertical and horizontal leaf mounting setups. Results demonstrated that the horizontal setup provided greater stability, preventing tissue degradation and maintaining sample viability during continuous acquisitions lasting up to 22 h (~ 15,600 Gy). MicroCT clearly resolved microstructures at the cellular level, achieving a spatial resolution down to around 2 voxels. Furthermore, this optimized methodology confirmed the ability to track the spatiotemporal dynamics of applied compounds such as iohexol and aggregated nanoparticles within the leaf tissue. This work establishes that accessible laboratory-based microCT enables in vivo 4D monitoring of anatomical and physiological changes in living plants.
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BibTeX
@article{siracusa2026achieving,
title = {{Achieving micrometer-scale 4D X-ray tomography of living leaf tissue in the laboratory.}},
author = {F Siracusa and E V Kristensen and A Szameitat and D J Tobler and I Ertem and M Frank and C Wu and R Abdurrahmanoglu and A Pinna and F Minutello and S Husted and J-C Grivel and R Mokso},
journal = {Plant methods},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.1186/s13007-026-01565-y},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42968176},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Achieving micrometer-scale 4D X-ray tomography of living leaf tissue in the laboratory.
AU - F Siracusa
AU - E V Kristensen
AU - A Szameitat
AU - D J Tobler
AU - I Ertem
AU - M Frank
AU - C Wu
AU - R Abdurrahmanoglu
AU - A Pinna
AU - F Minutello
AU - S Husted
AU - J-C Grivel
AU - R Mokso
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/04
JO - Plant methods
DO - 10.1186/s13007-026-01565-y
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42968176
AB - A methodology for achieving micrometer-scale 4D X-ray lab microscopy of living leaf tissue was developed to overcome challenges associated with delicate tissues, radiation damage, and motion artifacts during in vivo imaging. The study focused on optimizing laboratory-based X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT) parameters to balance high-resolution imaging with minimized physiological stress and radiation dose quantification. Assessing the dose-safe imaging window required comparing vertical and horizontal leaf mounting setups. Results demonstrated that the horizontal setup provided greater stability, preventing tissue degradation and maintaining sample viability during continuous acquisitions lasting up to 22 h (~ 15,600 Gy). MicroCT clearly resolved microstructures at the cellular level, achieving a spatial resolution down to around 2 voxels. Furthermore, this optimized methodology confirmed the ability to track the spatiotemporal dynamics of applied compounds such as iohexol and aggregated nanoparticles within the leaf tissue. This work establishes that accessible laboratory-based microCT enables in vivo 4D monitoring of anatomical and physiological changes in living plants.
SN - 1746-4811
ER -