Pilot search for continuous gravitational waves from Hercules X-1 in O3 LIGO data: enhancements to a hidden Markov model
Abstract
A semi-coherent search is conducted for continuous gravitational waves from stellar oscillations in Hercules X-1 with data from Observing Run 3 of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory, using an established hidden Markov model algorithm to track stochastic wandering of the signal frequency. The primary goal is to implement and test several algorithmic enhancements relevant to future searches, including a second-order projected semi-major axis correction, an orbital eccentricity correction, an adjustment to the width of a search subband, and propagation of the electromagnetically measured orbital parameters with a nonzero orbital period derivative. The enhancements are validated by injecting synthetic signals into Gaussian noise and improve the sensitivity depth by ≈ 14% for a Hercules X-1-like target. In the 60--200 Hz band, the pilot search yields four candidates that survive a five-level veto procedure, whose terminating frequencies are 76.41 Hz, 109.47 Hz, 144.40 Hz, and 189.24 Hz. The frequentist upper limit on the maximum detectable wave strain at 95% confidence is arbitrarily set at 174 Hz and found to be 9.3 × 10−26, assuming a uniform prior on polarization.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{low2026pilot,
title = {{Pilot search for continuous gravitational waves from Hercules X-1 in O3 LIGO data: enhancements to a hidden Markov model}},
author = {Nicholas Kah Yean Low and Andrew Melatos},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.02307},
eprint = {2611.02307},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.02307},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Pilot search for continuous gravitational waves from Hercules X-1 in O3 LIGO data: enhancements to a hidden Markov model
AU - Nicholas Kah Yean Low
AU - Andrew Melatos
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.02307
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.02307
AB - A semi-coherent search is conducted for continuous gravitational waves from stellar oscillations in Hercules X-1 with data from Observing Run 3 of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory, using an established hidden Markov model algorithm to track stochastic wandering of the signal frequency. The primary goal is to implement and test several algorithmic enhancements relevant to future searches, including a second-order projected semi-major axis correction, an orbital eccentricity correction, an adjustment to the width of a search subband, and propagation of the electromagnetically measured orbital parameters with a nonzero orbital period derivative. The enhancements are validated by injecting synthetic signals into Gaussian noise and improve the sensitivity depth by ≈ 14% for a Hercules X-1-like target. In the 60--200 Hz band, the pilot search yields four candidates that survive a five-level veto procedure, whose terminating frequencies are 76.41 Hz, 109.47 Hz, 144.40 Hz, and 189.24 Hz. The frequentist upper limit on the maximum detectable wave strain at 95% confidence is arbitrarily set at 174 Hz and found to be 9.3 × 10^−26, assuming a uniform prior on polarization.
ER -