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Peer-reviewedCC BYFrontiers in Plant Science

Root morphogenetic responses to waterlogging stress in plants: from structural reconfiguration to molecular regulatory mechanisms

  • Shanshan Sha1
  • Chengcheng Zeng2
  • Xuyi Shang3
  • Bingchen Zou4
  • Tingting Sun1
  • Yang YuJu1
4 affiliations
  1. 1School of Food Engineering, Harbin University
  2. 2College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University
  3. 3Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Microbial Technology School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University
  4. 4National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University
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Abstract

Climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme rainfall events, making waterlogging a major constraint on crop production. Waterlogging imposes a composite stress on plants by causing rhizosphere hypoxia and promoting the accumulation of toxic reduced compounds. Root morphological plasticity is a central adaptive strategy under these conditions. It relies on the coordinated deployment of four linked modules: adventitious root (AR) formation, aerenchyma development, barrier formation to radial oxygen loss (ROL), and root system architecture (RSA) remodeling. These responses are initiated by ERF-VII-dependent hypoxia sensing and further shaped by ethylene-auxin interactions, ROS/Ca 2+ signaling, gaseous regulators such as NO and H 2 S, and the capacity for metabolic reprogramming and carbon reallocation. Differences among species and genotypes likely reflect variation in signaling sensitivity, regulatory-network organization, and metabolic efficiency. In this review, we integrate current knowledge across three levels: root morphological modules, their regulatory networks, and rhizosphere constraints. We highlight key leverage points for improving waterlogging tolerance and propose a mechanistic framework to support both crop breeding and field management under increasingly flood-prone conditions.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{sha2026root,
  title = {{Root morphogenetic responses to waterlogging stress in plants: from structural reconfiguration to molecular regulatory mechanisms}},
  author = {Shanshan Sha and Chengcheng Zeng and Xuyi Shang and Bingchen Zou and Tingting Sun and Yang YuJu},
  journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},
  year = {2026},
  month = may,
  doi = {10.3389/fpls.2026.1823032},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1823032},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Root morphogenetic responses to waterlogging stress in plants: from structural reconfiguration to molecular regulatory mechanisms
AU  - Shanshan Sha
AU  - Chengcheng Zeng
AU  - Xuyi Shang
AU  - Bingchen Zou
AU  - Tingting Sun
AU  - Yang YuJu
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/05/28
JO  - Frontiers in Plant Science
DO  - 10.3389/fpls.2026.1823032
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2026.1823032
AB  - Climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme rainfall events, making waterlogging a major constraint on crop production. Waterlogging imposes a composite stress on plants by causing rhizosphere hypoxia and promoting the accumulation of toxic reduced compounds. Root morphological plasticity is a central adaptive strategy under these conditions. It relies on the coordinated deployment of four linked modules: adventitious root (AR) formation, aerenchyma development, barrier formation to radial oxygen loss (ROL), and root system architecture (RSA) remodeling. These responses are initiated by ERF-VII-dependent hypoxia sensing and further shaped by ethylene-auxin interactions, ROS/Ca 2+ signaling, gaseous regulators such as NO and H 2 S, and the capacity for metabolic reprogramming and carbon reallocation. Differences among species and genotypes likely reflect variation in signaling sensitivity, regulatory-network organization, and metabolic efficiency. In this review, we integrate current knowledge across three levels: root morphological modules, their regulatory networks, and rhizosphere constraints. We highlight key leverage points for improving waterlogging tolerance and propose a mechanistic framework to support both crop breeding and field management under increasingly flood-prone conditions.
SN  - 1664-462X
ER  -