An Assessment of Water Vapor Radiometry Landscape in ngVLA Context
Abstract
The ngVLA intends to utilize Water Vapor Radiometry (WVR) as an approach to lower calibration overheads for tropospheric phase fluctuation correction in its high frequency bands (5 \& 6; 30.5-116 GHz) to levels below those feasible with fast switched reference gain calibration. As a stepping stone to an eventual ngVLA WVR system, the JVLA/ngVLA teams pursued an effort to develop and install a set of MMIC based compact water vapor radiometers (CWVR) and carry out on-sky testing. Most recent tests found that the CWVRs installed on the VLA antennas under this effort were non-functional in tracking visibility phases. As part of the program to develop a WVR system for the ngVLA, this memo summarizes the current landscape of water vapor radiometry experience, the situation with the CWVRs, how they relate to the ngVLA WVR requirements, and the work needed to operationalize the CWVRs as useful test systems and to make broader progress. We currently lack statistically relevant WVR correction data to understand their expected performance for the ngVLA sites. We also discuss parallel additional approaches alternative and/or complementary to the CWVRs. A path involving tests to establish the functionality, stability, sensitivity, and switched power cal/data synchronism of the CWVR system in the lab and on antenna, followed by on-sky tests, and a parallel effort to assess the utility of autocorrelation outputs of the VLA K-band receivers for delay estimation is recommended. Potential paths going beyond traditional excess path estimation methods which may be necessary to meet ngVLA requirements and goals are touched upon.
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BibTeX
@misc{sridharan2026assessment,
title = {{An Assessment of Water Vapor Radiometry Landscape in ngVLA Context}},
author = {T. K. Sridharan},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.41071},
eprint = {2610.41071},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41071},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - An Assessment of Water Vapor Radiometry Landscape in ngVLA Context
AU - T. K. Sridharan
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/29
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.41071
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41071
AB - The ngVLA intends to utilize Water Vapor Radiometry (WVR) as an approach to lower calibration overheads for tropospheric phase fluctuation correction in its high frequency bands (5 \& 6; 30.5-116 GHz) to levels below those feasible with fast switched reference gain calibration. As a stepping stone to an eventual ngVLA WVR system, the JVLA/ngVLA teams pursued an effort to develop and install a set of MMIC based compact water vapor radiometers (CWVR) and carry out on-sky testing. Most recent tests found that the CWVRs installed on the VLA antennas under this effort were non-functional in tracking visibility phases. As part of the program to develop a WVR system for the ngVLA, this memo summarizes the current landscape of water vapor radiometry experience, the situation with the CWVRs, how they relate to the ngVLA WVR requirements, and the work needed to operationalize the CWVRs as useful test systems and to make broader progress. We currently lack statistically relevant WVR correction data to understand their expected performance for the ngVLA sites. We also discuss parallel additional approaches alternative and/or complementary to the CWVRs. A path involving tests to establish the functionality, stability, sensitivity, and switched power cal/data synchronism of the CWVR system in the lab and on antenna, followed by on-sky tests, and a parallel effort to assess the utility of autocorrelation outputs of the VLA K-band receivers for delay estimation is recommended. Potential paths going beyond traditional excess path estimation methods which may be necessary to meet ngVLA requirements and goals are touched upon.
ER -