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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Characterization and Genome Analysis of a Novel Vibrio Alginolyticus Phage and Its Biocontrol Efficacy in Pearl Oyster Aquaculture

  • Xuyang Chen1,2
  • Xuejing Li1,2
  • Yiyang Zhu3
  • Yantao Liang3
  • Xing Ren1,2
  • Shumeng Zhang1,2
  • Junyi Tao4
  • Kailiang Zou5
  • Longfei Lu1,2
5 affiliations
  1. 1Guangxi Laboratory of Oceanography, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China
  2. 2Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China
  3. 3Laboratory of Viral & Microbial Diversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
  4. 4College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  5. 5College of Oceanography, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
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Abstract

A novel lytic bacteriophage, designated vB_ValS-L9, infecting the potentially pathogenic bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus L4, was isolated from a coastal aquaculture area in Beihai, China. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that vB_ValS-L9 possesses an icosahedral head (56.50 ± 4.19 nm in diameter) and a long tail (143.03 ± 5.32 nm in length), exhibiting a typical siphovirus-like morphology within the class Caudoviricetes. The phage demonstrated stability across various temperatures, pH levels, and salinities. Genomic sequencing showed that vB_ValS-L9 has a circular double-stranded DNA genome of 44,025 bp with a G + C content of 43.56% and 61 predicted ORFs. No tRNA, virulence, or antibiotic resistance genes were identified. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses, including ANI, VICTOR, VIRIDIC, and conserved protein phylogenies, identified vB_ValS-L9 as a novel species that, together with Vibrio phages Artemius and VapS30, forms a new genus in the class Caudoviricetes, for which the name Artemiovirus is proposed. Furthermore, in vivo trials using juvenile pearl oysters (Pinctada martensii) revealed that vB_ValS-L9 provides substantial prophylactic and therapeutic protection against V. alginolyticus L4 infection, especially when the phage was administered before bacterial challenge. Collectively, these findings suggest that vB_ValS-L9 shows potential as a safe, environmentally robust, and promising biocontrol candidate for managing vibriosis in aquaculture.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{chen2026characterization,
  title = {{Characterization and Genome Analysis of a Novel Vibrio Alginolyticus Phage and Its Biocontrol Efficacy in Pearl Oyster Aquaculture}},
  author = {Xuyang Chen and Xuejing Li and Yiyang Zhu and Yantao Liang and Xing Ren and Shumeng Zhang and Junyi Tao and Kailiang Zou and Longfei Lu},
  journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/ijms27209385},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9385},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Characterization and Genome Analysis of a Novel Vibrio Alginolyticus Phage and Its Biocontrol Efficacy in Pearl Oyster Aquaculture
AU  - Xuyang Chen
AU  - Xuejing Li
AU  - Yiyang Zhu
AU  - Yantao Liang
AU  - Xing Ren
AU  - Shumeng Zhang
AU  - Junyi Tao
AU  - Kailiang Zou
AU  - Longfei Lu
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO  - 10.3390/ijms27209385
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9385
AB  - A novel lytic bacteriophage, designated vB_ValS-L9, infecting the potentially pathogenic bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus L4, was isolated from a coastal aquaculture area in Beihai, China. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that vB_ValS-L9 possesses an icosahedral head (56.50 ± 4.19 nm in diameter) and a long tail (143.03 ± 5.32 nm in length), exhibiting a typical siphovirus-like morphology within the class Caudoviricetes. The phage demonstrated stability across various temperatures, pH levels, and salinities. Genomic sequencing showed that vB_ValS-L9 has a circular double-stranded DNA genome of 44,025 bp with a G + C content of 43.56% and 61 predicted ORFs. No tRNA, virulence, or antibiotic resistance genes were identified. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses, including ANI, VICTOR, VIRIDIC, and conserved protein phylogenies, identified vB_ValS-L9 as a novel species that, together with Vibrio phages Artemius and VapS30, forms a new genus in the class Caudoviricetes, for which the name Artemiovirus is proposed. Furthermore, in vivo trials using juvenile pearl oysters (Pinctada martensii) revealed that vB_ValS-L9 provides substantial prophylactic and therapeutic protection against V. alginolyticus L4 infection, especially when the phage was administered before bacterial challenge. Collectively, these findings suggest that vB_ValS-L9 shows potential as a safe, environmentally robust, and promising biocontrol candidate for managing vibriosis in aquaculture.
SN  - 1422-0067
ER  -