White paper: 1-10 Hz matter-wave interferometer to test the spin entanglement witness for quantum gravity
Abstract
In this white paper, we highlight the importance of the (1−10 Hz) frequency range for laboratory tests of the quantum nature of gravity using the quantum gravity-induced entanglement of masses (QGEM) protocol. QGEM requires matter-wave interferometers with masses (m∼10−15−10−14 kg), brought within separations (d∼30−50 μm), while maintaining spatial superpositions of (1−20 μm) and coherence for (τ∼ 0.1 − 1 s). These requirements make low-frequency environmental noise a central experimental challenge and place QGEM in a regime closely related to the low-frequency goals of the Einstein Telescope (ET) and the Cosmic Explorer (CE). In particular, QGEM is sensitive to relative acceleration noise (RAN) and to gravity-gradient noise (GGN) generated by seismic and other environmental mass-density fluctuations. For representative parameters m=10−14 kg, Δx=10 μm, and τ=1 s, the differential acceleration-noise amplitude spectral density must be suppressed well below the 10−15 m s−2/√(Hz) level to keep acceleration-induced dephasing below the relevant experimental scale. Achieving this level of low-frequency noise suppression is therefore a key requirement for QGEM and closely parallels the seismic and gravity-gradient noise challenges that ET and CE address.
Related
- Differential and Common Decoherence Modes in Witnessing the Quantum Gravity-Induced Entanglement of Matter
- Quantum Noise from Massive Lorentz--Violating Gravitons: Interferometer Signatures in Very Special Linear Gravity
- Optimal Interferometer Geometry for Gravitationally Induced Quantum Entanglement
- The role of geometric analysis in interferometer design and optimization for gravitational quantum entanglement
- Gravitationally Induced Entanglement of Matter in Quadratic Curvature Gravity and Constraints on Ghost Mass
BibTeX
@misc{bose2026white,
title = {{White paper: 1-10 Hz matter-wave interferometer to test the spin entanglement witness for quantum gravity}},
author = {Sougato Bose and Anupam Mazumdar and Marko Toros and Tian Zhou and Tadeusz Adach and Niayesh Afshordi and Agya Sewara Alam and Alexandre Arbey and Navdeep Arya and Simon Baier and Peter F Barker and Angelo Bassi and Ettore Bernardi and Lorenzo Braccini and Robert Brandenberger and Daniel Braun and Guri K Buza and Luigi Cacciapuoti and Carlo Cepollaro and Lin-Qing Chen and Yanbei Chen and Ralph Jason Costales and Marion Cromb and Alvaro de la Cruz-Dombriz and Catalina Curceanu and Shubhang Dadhich and Debarshi Das and Saurya Das and Pratika Dayal and Subhadeep De and Ema Dimastrogiovanni and Lajos Diosi and Or Dobkowski and Kemal Doner and Brian d'Urso and Gurudev Dutt and Shafaq Gulzar Elahi and Samira Elghaayda and Matteo Fadel and Samuel Fedida and Omer Feldman and Fabiano Feleppa and Ron Folman and Joshua Foo and Paolo Fragolino and Laurent Freidel and Giulio Gasbarri and Marco Genovese and Andrew Geraci and Menachem Givon and Cisco Gooding and Jonathan M.H Gosling and Piotr T Grochowski and David Groswasser and Mustafa Gundogan and Ekim Taylan Hanımeli and Bas Hensen and Dipankar Home and Richard Howl and Yonathan Japha},
howpublished = {HAL},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.07422},
eprint = {2610.07422},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-05829803v1},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - White paper: 1-10 Hz matter-wave interferometer to test the spin entanglement witness for quantum gravity
AU - Sougato Bose
AU - Anupam Mazumdar
AU - Marko Toros
AU - Tian Zhou
AU - Tadeusz Adach
AU - Niayesh Afshordi
AU - Agya Sewara Alam
AU - Alexandre Arbey
AU - Navdeep Arya
AU - Simon Baier
AU - Peter F Barker
AU - Angelo Bassi
AU - Ettore Bernardi
AU - Lorenzo Braccini
AU - Robert Brandenberger
AU - Daniel Braun
AU - Guri K Buza
AU - Luigi Cacciapuoti
AU - Carlo Cepollaro
AU - Lin-Qing Chen
AU - Yanbei Chen
AU - Ralph Jason Costales
AU - Marion Cromb
AU - Alvaro de la Cruz-Dombriz
AU - Catalina Curceanu
AU - Shubhang Dadhich
AU - Debarshi Das
AU - Saurya Das
AU - Pratika Dayal
AU - Subhadeep De
AU - Ema Dimastrogiovanni
AU - Lajos Diosi
AU - Or Dobkowski
AU - Kemal Doner
AU - Brian d'Urso
AU - Gurudev Dutt
AU - Shafaq Gulzar Elahi
AU - Samira Elghaayda
AU - Matteo Fadel
AU - Samuel Fedida
AU - Omer Feldman
AU - Fabiano Feleppa
AU - Ron Folman
AU - Joshua Foo
AU - Paolo Fragolino
AU - Laurent Freidel
AU - Giulio Gasbarri
AU - Marco Genovese
AU - Andrew Geraci
AU - Menachem Givon
AU - Cisco Gooding
AU - Jonathan M.H Gosling
AU - Piotr T Grochowski
AU - David Groswasser
AU - Mustafa Gundogan
AU - Ekim Taylan Hanımeli
AU - Bas Hensen
AU - Dipankar Home
AU - Richard Howl
AU - Yonathan Japha
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/05
PB - HAL
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.07422
UR - https://hal.science/hal-05829803v1
AB - In this white paper, we highlight the importance of the (1−10 Hz) frequency range for laboratory tests of the quantum nature of gravity using the quantum gravity-induced entanglement of masses (QGEM) protocol. QGEM requires matter-wave interferometers with masses (m∼10^−15−10^−14 kg), brought within separations (d∼30−50 μm), while maintaining spatial superpositions of (1−20 μm) and coherence for (τ∼ 0.1 − 1 s). These requirements make low-frequency environmental noise a central experimental challenge and place QGEM in a regime closely related to the low-frequency goals of the Einstein Telescope (ET) and the Cosmic Explorer (CE). In particular, QGEM is sensitive to relative acceleration noise (RAN) and to gravity-gradient noise (GGN) generated by seismic and other environmental mass-density fluctuations. For representative parameters m=10^−14 kg, Δx=10 μm, and τ=1 s, the differential acceleration-noise amplitude spectral density must be suppressed well below the 10^−15 m s^−2/√(Hz) level to keep acceleration-induced dephasing below the relevant experimental scale. Achieving this level of low-frequency noise suppression is therefore a key requirement for QGEM and closely parallels the seismic and gravity-gradient noise challenges that ET and CE address.
ER -