Association between sinonasal anatomical variations, adenoid hypertrophy, and sagittal–vertical skeletal patterns: a retrospective CBCT study in growth period orthodontic patients
Abstract
Sinonasal anatomical variations and adenoid hypertrophy may influence upper airway function and craniofacial development. This retrospective study evaluated their association with sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns in growing orthodontic patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 125 patients aged 9–15 years were included. Sagittal skeletal patterns were classified using the ANB angle, and vertical skeletal patterns were categorized as normal, hyperdivergent, or hypodivergent. Thirteen sinonasal anatomical variations and adenoid hypertrophy grades were assessed on CBCT images. Nasal septum deviation was the most prevalent anatomical variation (68%), followed by accessory maxillary ostium (54.4%) and middle concha bullosa (43.2%). Grade 2 adenoid hypertrophy was the most common finding (60.8%). No significant associations were identified between sinonasal anatomical variations, adenoid hypertrophy, and either sagittal or vertical skeletal patterns, including after adjustment for age and sex ( p > 0.05). These findings suggest that, although common in growing orthodontic patients, sinonasal anatomical variations and adenoid hypertrophy were not significantly associated with craniofacial skeletal patterns in this sample.
Related
- Mandibular Canal Morphometry and Anatomical Variations Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in a North Indian Population: A Retrospective Study
- Circle of Willis Anatomical Variations on CT Angiography: Prevalence and Clinical Associations in a Turkish Cohort
- Anatomical Variations Encountered During the Posterior Approach to the Hip Joint.
- Anatomical Variations in the Intratemporal Course of the Facial Nerve in Wet Temporal Bones: A Cross-sectional Study
- Evaluation of the morphometric characteristics of the talus bone-variations and their clinical significance: a descriptive anatomical study
BibTeX
@article{demir2026association,
title = {{Association between sinonasal anatomical variations, adenoid hypertrophy, and sagittal–vertical skeletal patterns: a retrospective CBCT study in growth period orthodontic patients}},
author = {Hilal Demir and Bilgün Çetin and Esra Ulusoy Mutluol},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-79614-8},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-79614-8},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Association between sinonasal anatomical variations, adenoid hypertrophy, and sagittal–vertical skeletal patterns: a retrospective CBCT study in growth period orthodontic patients
AU - Hilal Demir
AU - Bilgün Çetin
AU - Esra Ulusoy Mutluol
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/06
JO - Scientific Reports
DO - 10.1038/s41598-026-79614-8
UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-79614-8
AB - Sinonasal anatomical variations and adenoid hypertrophy may influence upper airway function and craniofacial development. This retrospective study evaluated their association with sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns in growing orthodontic patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 125 patients aged 9–15 years were included. Sagittal skeletal patterns were classified using the ANB angle, and vertical skeletal patterns were categorized as normal, hyperdivergent, or hypodivergent. Thirteen sinonasal anatomical variations and adenoid hypertrophy grades were assessed on CBCT images. Nasal septum deviation was the most prevalent anatomical variation (68%), followed by accessory maxillary ostium (54.4%) and middle concha bullosa (43.2%). Grade 2 adenoid hypertrophy was the most common finding (60.8%). No significant associations were identified between sinonasal anatomical variations, adenoid hypertrophy, and either sagittal or vertical skeletal patterns, including after adjustment for age and sex ( p > 0.05). These findings suggest that, although common in growing orthodontic patients, sinonasal anatomical variations and adenoid hypertrophy were not significantly associated with craniofacial skeletal patterns in this sample.
SN - 2045-2322
ER -