Nuclear quantum effects enhance diffusion in supercooled ammonia through accelerated pyramidal inversion
Abstract
In liquid ammonia, an imbalance between available hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor sites limits water-like tetrahedral connectivity, leaving sparse and short-lived associations within a densely packed liquid. We ask whether quantum-sensitive local rearrangements can nevertheless contribute appreciably to diffusion in this weakly connected liquid. We compare classical and thermostatted ring polymer molecular dynamics from 170 to 250 K using an r2SCAN-trained machine learning force field. Ammonia can change its molecular geometry as the nitrogen atom passes through the plane of the three hydrogen atoms, a motion known as pyramidal inversion. Nuclear quantum effects increase the inversion rate and reduce its apparent activation energy. Inversion events are accompanied by transient reductions in hydrogen-bond coordination and local density within the first solvation shell. Although nuclear quantum effects lower density and viscosity throughout the studied range, diffusion remains only weakly affected in the warmer liquid. The quantum enhancement of diffusion emerges below approximately 210 K and reaches 18% at 170 K, tracking the enhancement of cage escape. These observations support an inversion-assisted contribution to diffusion, in which a spatially localized, quantum-sensitive internal motion couples to cage relaxation without a persistent tetrahedral network.
Related
- Importance of nuclear quantum effects on the structure of supercooled water around its liquid--liquid critical point
- Accelerated "on-the-fly" coupled-cluster path-integral molecular dynamics: Impact of nuclear quantum effects on an asymmetric proton
- PXRD-Diff: diagnosing the encoder bottleneck in diffusion-based powder-diffraction structure inversion, with classical autoindexing as a drop-in remedy
- Mapping mRNA Localization and Internal Structure in Lipid Nanoparticles through Solid‐State Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR and Proton Spin‐Diffusion Modeling
- Liquid-liquid phase separation precedes crystallization in supercooled water-glycerol solutions
BibTeX
@misc{kim2026nuclear,
title = {{Nuclear quantum effects enhance diffusion in supercooled ammonia through accelerated pyramidal inversion}},
author = {Minwoo Kim and Hido Woo and Taeyong Park and Ji Woong Yu and Won Bo Lee},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.38688},
eprint = {2609.38688},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38688},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Nuclear quantum effects enhance diffusion in supercooled ammonia through accelerated pyramidal inversion
AU - Minwoo Kim
AU - Hido Woo
AU - Taeyong Park
AU - Ji Woong Yu
AU - Won Bo Lee
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/30
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.38688
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38688
AB - In liquid ammonia, an imbalance between available hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor sites limits water-like tetrahedral connectivity, leaving sparse and short-lived associations within a densely packed liquid. We ask whether quantum-sensitive local rearrangements can nevertheless contribute appreciably to diffusion in this weakly connected liquid. We compare classical and thermostatted ring polymer molecular dynamics from 170 to 250 K using an r^2SCAN-trained machine learning force field. Ammonia can change its molecular geometry as the nitrogen atom passes through the plane of the three hydrogen atoms, a motion known as pyramidal inversion. Nuclear quantum effects increase the inversion rate and reduce its apparent activation energy. Inversion events are accompanied by transient reductions in hydrogen-bond coordination and local density within the first solvation shell. Although nuclear quantum effects lower density and viscosity throughout the studied range, diffusion remains only weakly affected in the warmer liquid. The quantum enhancement of diffusion emerges below approximately 210 K and reaches 18% at 170 K, tracking the enhancement of cage escape. These observations support an inversion-assisted contribution to diffusion, in which a spatially localized, quantum-sensitive internal motion couples to cage relaxation without a persistent tetrahedral network.
ER -