Persistent Quantum-Enhanced Frequency Sensing with T^{-3/2} Scaling
Abstract
Quantum sensing uses nonclassical states to improve measurement sensitivity, but the same states that provide metrological gain also decohere more rapidly. This limits the usable interrogation time and, in practice, often precludes improvement in ultimate sensitivity - realized useful quantum advantage has consequently remained rare. Here, we restore persistent quantum advantage by embedding Fock-state enhancement within a quantum heterodyne (Qdyne) protocol, decoupling sensitivity from the decoherence-limited interrogation time τ. Measurements are acquired at short τ where the quantum-enhanced gain is optimal, while precision accumulates with the total measurement time. Demonstrated on the motional mode of a trapped 40Ca+ ion, we observe quantum-enhanced precision that persists to measurement times seven orders of magnitude beyond the dephasing limit, scaling as T^{-3/2} with no indication of saturation. Using the n=3 Fock state, we reach a frequency precision of 0.5uHz relative to an 86MHz carrier, achieving a fractional precision ~6x10^{-15}. This represents a quantum-enhanced gain of 7.1(10) dB over the n=0 state, in agreement with Fisher information predictions. This is the first demonstration of Qdyne beyond solid-state spin-defects. Further, by using the quantum harmonic oscillator to perform frequency mixing, we extend operation beyond 1GHz, two orders of magnitude above the ceiling of pulsed dynamical-decoupling implementations. These results recover quantum advantage at the long timescales required to improve ultimate sensitivity, with direct implications for nanoscale NMR and quantum logic spectroscopy.
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BibTeX
@misc{ho2026persistent,
title = {{Persistent Quantum-Enhanced Frequency Sensing with T^-3/2 Scaling}},
author = {Clayton Z. C. Ho and Hao Wu and Grant D. Mitts and Joshua A. Rabinowitz and Eric R. Hudson},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.22046},
eprint = {2609.22046},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.22046},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Persistent Quantum-Enhanced Frequency Sensing with T^{-3/2} Scaling
AU - Clayton Z. C. Ho
AU - Hao Wu
AU - Grant D. Mitts
AU - Joshua A. Rabinowitz
AU - Eric R. Hudson
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/18
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.22046
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.22046
AB - Quantum sensing uses nonclassical states to improve measurement sensitivity, but the same states that provide metrological gain also decohere more rapidly. This limits the usable interrogation time and, in practice, often precludes improvement in ultimate sensitivity - realized useful quantum advantage has consequently remained rare. Here, we restore persistent quantum advantage by embedding Fock-state enhancement within a quantum heterodyne (Qdyne) protocol, decoupling sensitivity from the decoherence-limited interrogation time τ. Measurements are acquired at short τ where the quantum-enhanced gain is optimal, while precision accumulates with the total measurement time. Demonstrated on the motional mode of a trapped 40Ca+ ion, we observe quantum-enhanced precision that persists to measurement times seven orders of magnitude beyond the dephasing limit, scaling as T^{-3/2} with no indication of saturation. Using the n=3 Fock state, we reach a frequency precision of 0.5uHz relative to an 86MHz carrier, achieving a fractional precision ~6x10^{-15}. This represents a quantum-enhanced gain of 7.1(10) dB over the n=0 state, in agreement with Fisher information predictions. This is the first demonstration of Qdyne beyond solid-state spin-defects. Further, by using the quantum harmonic oscillator to perform frequency mixing, we extend operation beyond 1GHz, two orders of magnitude above the ceiling of pulsed dynamical-decoupling implementations. These results recover quantum advantage at the long timescales required to improve ultimate sensitivity, with direct implications for nanoscale NMR and quantum logic spectroscopy.
ER -