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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0The Lancet. Public Health

Investing in pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response

  • Ole F Norheim1,2
  • Siddhanth Sharma3
  • Olaolu M Aderinola4
  • Puspanjali Adhikari5
  • Patrick Amoth6
  • Till Bärnighausen1,7,8
  • Stefano M Bertozzi9
  • David E Bloom1
  • Donald A P Bundy10
  • Lúcia Chambal11,12
  • Simiao Chen13
  • Sarrin Chethik14
21 more authors
  • Victoria Y Fan15
  • Maddalena Ferranna16
  • Rachel Glennerster14,17
  • Chikwe Ihekweazu18
  • Julian Jamison19,20
  • Sun Kim15
  • Magnus Lindelow15
  • Nita K Madhav21
  • Jonna Mazet22
  • Ben Oppenheim23
  • Geoffrey Otim24
  • Muhammad A Pate25
  • Govind Persad26
  • Sebastian Quaade17
  • John Rose27,28
  • Gabriel Seidman29
  • Christopher M Snyder30
  • David A Watkins31
  • Bridget Williams32
  • Dean T Jamison33,28,13
  • Hitoshi Oshitani34
34 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
  2. 2Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting in Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  3. 3Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  4. 4Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
  5. 5Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
  6. 6Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
  7. 7Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  8. 8Africa Health Research Institute, Somkhele and Durban, South Africa
  9. 9UC Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, CA, USA
  10. 10Research Consortium for School Health and Nutrition of the School Meals Coalition and Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
  11. 11Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
  12. 12Department of Medicine, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
  13. 13School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
  14. 14Center for Global Development, Washington, DC, USA
  15. 15The World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA
  16. 16Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Economics, and Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  17. 17Department of Economics, University of Chicago, IL, USA
  18. 18WHO Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
  19. 19Department of Economics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
  20. 20Department of Economics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  21. 21Ginkgo Bioworks, Emeryville, CA, USA
  22. 22One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
  23. 23UC Berkeley Risk and Security Lab, University of California, CA, USA
  24. 24SynBio Africa, Entebbe, Uganda
  25. 25Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
  26. 26University of Colorado Law School, Boulder CO, USA
  27. 27Department of Surgery, University of California, CA, USA
  28. 28UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, CA, USA
  29. 29Ellison Institute of Technology, Oxford, UK
  30. 30Department of Economics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
  31. 31Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
  32. 32Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  33. 33UCSF Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, CA, USA
  34. 34Department of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Abstract

If resources for public health and decision makers are limited, what are the highest-priority investments they can make? Drawing on the Disease Control Priorities report on pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response, in this Viewpoint we summarise our reflections and recommendations for the next decade in public health and focus on the highest return actions for pandemic preparedness, prevention, and response that countries can take to protect themselves and others. We identified 85 feasible national-level and local-level actions, categorising 40 of them as high-priority investments. At regional and global levels, we identified and recommend 33 high-priority actions. These investments could have pay-offs substantially exceeding their cost. Ensuring adequate funding will require countries to contribute according to their fiscal capacity, with some countries requiring external support. Importantly, financing response to an outbreak should be timely and therefore prearranged.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{norheim2026investing,
  title = {{Investing in pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response}},
  author = {Ole F Norheim and Siddhanth Sharma and Olaolu M Aderinola and Puspanjali Adhikari and Patrick Amoth and Till Bärnighausen and Stefano M Bertozzi and David E Bloom and Donald A P Bundy and Lúcia Chambal and Simiao Chen and Sarrin Chethik and Victoria Y Fan and Maddalena Ferranna and Rachel Glennerster and Chikwe Ihekweazu and Julian Jamison and Sun Kim and Magnus Lindelow and Nita K Madhav and Jonna Mazet and Ben Oppenheim and Geoffrey Otim and Muhammad A Pate and Govind Persad and Sebastian Quaade and John Rose and Gabriel Seidman and Christopher M Snyder and David A Watkins and Bridget Williams and Dean T Jamison and Hitoshi Oshitani},
  journal = {The Lancet. Public Health},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1016/s2468-2667(26)00201-x},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(26)00201-x},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Investing in pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response
AU  - Ole F Norheim
AU  - Siddhanth Sharma
AU  - Olaolu M Aderinola
AU  - Puspanjali Adhikari
AU  - Patrick Amoth
AU  - Till Bärnighausen
AU  - Stefano M Bertozzi
AU  - David E Bloom
AU  - Donald A P Bundy
AU  - Lúcia Chambal
AU  - Simiao Chen
AU  - Sarrin Chethik
AU  - Victoria Y Fan
AU  - Maddalena Ferranna
AU  - Rachel Glennerster
AU  - Chikwe Ihekweazu
AU  - Julian Jamison
AU  - Sun Kim
AU  - Magnus Lindelow
AU  - Nita K Madhav
AU  - Jonna Mazet
AU  - Ben Oppenheim
AU  - Geoffrey Otim
AU  - Muhammad A Pate
AU  - Govind Persad
AU  - Sebastian Quaade
AU  - John Rose
AU  - Gabriel Seidman
AU  - Christopher M Snyder
AU  - David A Watkins
AU  - Bridget Williams
AU  - Dean T Jamison
AU  - Hitoshi Oshitani
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/20
JO  - The Lancet. Public Health
DO  - 10.1016/s2468-2667(26)00201-x
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(26)00201-x
AB  - If resources for public health and decision makers are limited, what are the highest-priority investments they can make? Drawing on the Disease Control Priorities report on pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response, in this Viewpoint we summarise our reflections and recommendations for the next decade in public health and focus on the highest return actions for pandemic preparedness, prevention, and response that countries can take to protect themselves and others. We identified 85 feasible national-level and local-level actions, categorising 40 of them as high-priority investments. At regional and global levels, we identified and recommend 33 high-priority actions. These investments could have pay-offs substantially exceeding their cost. Ensuring adequate funding will require countries to contribute according to their fiscal capacity, with some countries requiring external support. Importantly, financing response to an outbreak should be timely and therefore prearranged.
SN  - 2468-2667
ER  -