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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC 4.0Food Chemistry: X

TD–GC–MS profiling of volatile organic compounds and potential odor relevance during insect protein production

  • Dong-Jun Lee1
  • Ka Young Kim2
  • Dongkyu Park3
  • Min-Ho Oak4,5
  • Pil-Gon Kim4,6
  • Jee Young Kim7
7 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
  2. 2Division of Animal Environment, National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
  3. 3Environment & Chemicals Division, Korea Testing & Research Institute (KTR), Gwacheon 13810, Republic of Korea
  4. 4Convergence center for Green anti-Aging Research, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
  5. 5College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
  6. 6Department of Environmental Education, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
  7. 7Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Abstract

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are increasingly used for sustainable protein production, but volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated during rearing remain poorly characterized. This study characterized temporal VOC profiles during BSFL rearing using a single rearing unit for each of three commercial feed conditions. VOCs were collected at 5-day intervals over 15 days using passive sorbent tubes and analyzed by thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, with feed-only controls analyzed in parallel. VOC signals were higher in BSFL-containing containers than in feed-only controls. Summed GC–MS peak areas were highest during early rearing in the dog−/pig-feed treatments, whereas high responses persisted until day 10 in the fish-feed treatment. Carbohydrate-associated VOCs predominated early, while protein-associated VOCs were more prominent in the protein-rich fish-feed treatment. Putative odorants, including sulfur-containing VOCs and volatile fatty acids, were also detected. These findings should be regarded as preliminary observations requiring confirmation with independently replicated rearing units.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{lee2026tdgcms,
  title = {{TD–GC–MS profiling of volatile organic compounds and potential odor relevance during insect protein production}},
  author = {Dong-Jun Lee and Ka Young Kim and Dongkyu Park and Min-Ho Oak and Pil-Gon Kim and Jee Young Kim},
  journal = {Food Chemistry: X},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104645},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104645},
  note = {CC BY-NC 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - TD–GC–MS profiling of volatile organic compounds and potential odor relevance during insect protein production
AU  - Dong-Jun Lee
AU  - Ka Young Kim
AU  - Dongkyu Park
AU  - Min-Ho Oak
AU  - Pil-Gon Kim
AU  - Jee Young Kim
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/16
JO  - Food Chemistry: X
DO  - 10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104645
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104645
AB  - Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are increasingly used for sustainable protein production, but volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated during rearing remain poorly characterized. This study characterized temporal VOC profiles during BSFL rearing using a single rearing unit for each of three commercial feed conditions. VOCs were collected at 5-day intervals over 15 days using passive sorbent tubes and analyzed by thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, with feed-only controls analyzed in parallel. VOC signals were higher in BSFL-containing containers than in feed-only controls. Summed GC–MS peak areas were highest during early rearing in the dog−/pig-feed treatments, whereas high responses persisted until day 10 in the fish-feed treatment. Carbohydrate-associated VOCs predominated early, while protein-associated VOCs were more prominent in the protein-rich fish-feed treatment. Putative odorants, including sulfur-containing VOCs and volatile fatty acids, were also detected. These findings should be regarded as preliminary observations requiring confirmation with independently replicated rearing units.
SN  - 2590-1575
ER  -