Clinical Challenges in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): Current Treatment Options, Their Limitations, and Emerging Perspectives
- 1Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterised by the absence of expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Compared with other breast cancer subtypes, TNBC is generally associated with a more aggressive clinical course, in part because of its marked molecular heterogeneity. Consequently, the availability of effective targeted therapies remains limited. Chemotherapy continues to be a major component of treatment, although its clinical benefit may be constrained by toxicity and the development of drug resistance. This review examines the principal clinical challenges in TNBC, evaluates currently available therapeutic approaches and their limitations, and discusses important areas that remain insufficiently addressed. Particular emphasis is placed on recent advances in emerging treatment strategies. Together, these developments may improve our understanding of TNBC and support future research towards more precise and personalised therapeutic approaches.
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BibTeX
@article{deka2026clinical,
title = {{Clinical Challenges in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): Current Treatment Options, Their Limitations, and Emerging Perspectives}},
author = {Rubismita Deka and Thiyam Ramsing Singh},
journal = {Cancers},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/cancers18203403},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/18/20/3403},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Clinical Challenges in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): Current Treatment Options, Their Limitations, and Emerging Perspectives
AU - Rubismita Deka
AU - Thiyam Ramsing Singh
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/21
JO - Cancers
DO - 10.3390/cancers18203403
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/18/20/3403
AB - Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterised by the absence of expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Compared with other breast cancer subtypes, TNBC is generally associated with a more aggressive clinical course, in part because of its marked molecular heterogeneity. Consequently, the availability of effective targeted therapies remains limited. Chemotherapy continues to be a major component of treatment, although its clinical benefit may be constrained by toxicity and the development of drug resistance. This review examines the principal clinical challenges in TNBC, evaluates currently available therapeutic approaches and their limitations, and discusses important areas that remain insufficiently addressed. Particular emphasis is placed on recent advances in emerging treatment strategies. Together, these developments may improve our understanding of TNBC and support future research towards more precise and personalised therapeutic approaches.
SN - 2072-6694
ER -