Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents for efficient anthocyanin recovery from black rice: process, kinetics and nanoliposomal formulation
4 affiliations
- 1Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City 1 , Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- 2Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City 2 , Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- 3Faculty of Food Technology, Saigon Technology University 3 , Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- 4Institute of Advanced Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 4 , Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Abstract
This study investigated the recovery and nanoliposomal formulation of anthocyanin-rich extracts from black rice using choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Choline chloride/1,2-propanediol (DES2) produced the highest anthocyanin content, 85.5 ± 3.4 mg l−1, after optimization, compared with 25.7 ± 2.1 mg l−1 obtained by conventional ethanol extraction. High-resolution QTOF-MS/MS enabled the tentative assignment of cyanidin 3-O-hexoside-type and peonidin 3-O-hexoside-type compounds based on accurate precursor masses and characteristic product ions; authentic-standard confirmation was not performed. The DES2 extract showed greater apparent thermal stability than the control extract, with estimated half-lives of 30.0 and 16.0 days, respectively, at 45°C. Anti-oxidant activity was observed in DPPH and ABTS assays, with IC50 values of 0.19 ± 0.06 and 0.16 ± 0.08 mg ml−1, respectively. Preliminary antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was detected under the tested agar-diffusion conditions, whereas activity against Staphylococcus aureus was limited. Nanoliposomal encapsulation achieved an encapsulation efficiency of 73.8 ± 4.3%, a Z-average diameter of 201.3 nm and 89.83 ± 0.65% anthocyanin retention after 28 days at 4°C. The formulation produced a larger inhibition zone against E. coli than the free extract under the assay conditions. These findings support further investigation, although release kinetics, pharmaceutical efficacy and complete-process sustainability remain unestablished.
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BibTeX
@article{tran2026choline,
title = {{Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents for efficient anthocyanin recovery from black rice: process, kinetics and nanoliposomal formulation}},
author = {Quang-Hieu Tran and Ba Thanh Nguyen and Dat Pham Quoc and Nguyen Quynh Dao and Nguyen Thi Ngoc Tram and Nguyen Thanh Danh and Nguyen Quoc Thang and Le Van Tan},
journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1098/rsos.260927},
url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article/13/10/260927/483581/Choline-chloride-based-deep-eutectic-solvents-for},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents for efficient anthocyanin recovery from black rice: process, kinetics and nanoliposomal formulation
AU - Quang-Hieu Tran
AU - Ba Thanh Nguyen
AU - Dat Pham Quoc
AU - Nguyen Quynh Dao
AU - Nguyen Thi Ngoc Tram
AU - Nguyen Thanh Danh
AU - Nguyen Quoc Thang
AU - Le Van Tan
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/14
JO - Royal Society Open Science
DO - 10.1098/rsos.260927
UR - https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article/13/10/260927/483581/Choline-chloride-based-deep-eutectic-solvents-for
AB - This study investigated the recovery and nanoliposomal formulation of anthocyanin-rich extracts from black rice using choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Choline chloride/1,2-propanediol (DES2) produced the highest anthocyanin content, 85.5 ± 3.4 mg l−1, after optimization, compared with 25.7 ± 2.1 mg l−1 obtained by conventional ethanol extraction. High-resolution QTOF-MS/MS enabled the tentative assignment of cyanidin 3-O-hexoside-type and peonidin 3-O-hexoside-type compounds based on accurate precursor masses and characteristic product ions; authentic-standard confirmation was not performed. The DES2 extract showed greater apparent thermal stability than the control extract, with estimated half-lives of 30.0 and 16.0 days, respectively, at 45°C. Anti-oxidant activity was observed in DPPH and ABTS assays, with IC50 values of 0.19 ± 0.06 and 0.16 ± 0.08 mg ml−1, respectively. Preliminary antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was detected under the tested agar-diffusion conditions, whereas activity against Staphylococcus aureus was limited. Nanoliposomal encapsulation achieved an encapsulation efficiency of 73.8 ± 4.3%, a Z-average diameter of 201.3 nm and 89.83 ± 0.65% anthocyanin retention after 28 days at 4°C. The formulation produced a larger inhibition zone against E. coli than the free extract under the assay conditions. These findings support further investigation, although release kinetics, pharmaceutical efficacy and complete-process sustainability remain unestablished.
SN - 2054-5703
ER -