The dwarf galaxy NGC 185: the flagship of Andromeda's dwarf galaxies for the study of evolved multiple stellar populations
Abstract
Reaching galaxies at 10-15 Mpc with HST and JWST requires star formation history (SFH) diagnostics that do not rely on the faint main sequence turn-off. We investigate whether horizontal branch (HB), red clump (RC), and red and asymptotic giant branch (RGB, AGB) stars can fill this role for dwarf elliptical galaxies, using NGC 185 as a test case. We use stellar evolution models of low- and intermediate-mass stars as inputs to population synthesis simulations that reproduce the colour distribution and luminosity function of stars in the (mF606W-mF814W, mF814W) diagram. The study of the stars populating the HB is used to derive the distance modulus and reddening, the average mass loss suffered by the stars during the ascending on the RGB and the SFH occurred during the ancient epochs, before 7 Gyr ago. The luminosity function of the RC gives us constraints on the recent SFH (<8 Gyr). The distribution of HB stars yields a reddening E(B-V)=0.20 mag and a distance modulus DM=24.10 mag for NGC 185. The average mass lost by low-mass stars during the RGB phase is 0.22 +- 0.01 Msun. Star formation was concentrated at early epochs, with half of the stars formed more than 11 Gyr ago. The morphology of the HB indicates essentially no metallicity spread among stars older than 8 Gyr, whereas the slope of the RGB suggests that part of the stars younger than 5-6 Gyr are slightly enriched in metals. Once RGB mass loss is adequately constrained, evolved stars can provide a reliable SFH for dwarf elliptical galaxies well beyond the reach of MSTO-based methods. We discuss the implications for more distant systems and the remaining uncertainties in the underlying stellar models.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{ventura2026dwarf,
title = {{The dwarf galaxy NGC 185: the flagship of Andromeda's dwarf galaxies for the study of evolved multiple stellar populations}},
author = {Paolo Ventura and Chiara Ventura and Richard D'Souza and Flavia Dell'Agli and Matteo Correnti and Claudio Gavetti and Marco Tailo and Miriam Di Stefano and Eric Bell},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.06547},
eprint = {2611.06547},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.06547},
note = {CC0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - The dwarf galaxy NGC 185: the flagship of Andromeda's dwarf galaxies for the study of evolved multiple stellar populations
AU - Paolo Ventura
AU - Chiara Ventura
AU - Richard D'Souza
AU - Flavia Dell'Agli
AU - Matteo Correnti
AU - Claudio Gavetti
AU - Marco Tailo
AU - Miriam Di Stefano
AU - Eric Bell
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/04
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.06547
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.06547
AB - Reaching galaxies at 10-15 Mpc with HST and JWST requires star formation history (SFH) diagnostics that do not rely on the faint main sequence turn-off. We investigate whether horizontal branch (HB), red clump (RC), and red and asymptotic giant branch (RGB, AGB) stars can fill this role for dwarf elliptical galaxies, using NGC 185 as a test case. We use stellar evolution models of low- and intermediate-mass stars as inputs to population synthesis simulations that reproduce the colour distribution and luminosity function of stars in the (mF606W-mF814W, mF814W) diagram. The study of the stars populating the HB is used to derive the distance modulus and reddening, the average mass loss suffered by the stars during the ascending on the RGB and the SFH occurred during the ancient epochs, before 7 Gyr ago. The luminosity function of the RC gives us constraints on the recent SFH (<8 Gyr). The distribution of HB stars yields a reddening E(B-V)=0.20 mag and a distance modulus DM=24.10 mag for NGC 185. The average mass lost by low-mass stars during the RGB phase is 0.22 +- 0.01 Msun. Star formation was concentrated at early epochs, with half of the stars formed more than 11 Gyr ago. The morphology of the HB indicates essentially no metallicity spread among stars older than 8 Gyr, whereas the slope of the RGB suggests that part of the stars younger than 5-6 Gyr are slightly enriched in metals. Once RGB mass loss is adequately constrained, evolved stars can provide a reliable SFH for dwarf elliptical galaxies well beyond the reach of MSTO-based methods. We discuss the implications for more distant systems and the remaining uncertainties in the underlying stellar models.
ER -