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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0CNS Spectrums

Prevalence, severity, and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder in 205 outpatients with schizophrenia: results from a cross-sectional, observational study assessing diagnoses via the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview

  • Julieta Ramirez1,2,3
  • María Delfina Tavella4
  • German Weisbrot4
  • Ricardo Corral4,5
  • Adrian Cabrera4
  • Alejo Corrales6
  • José Gramajo4
  • Nora Crespi4
  • Christoph U. Correll7,8,9,10,11,12
12 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Psychiatry, José T. Borda Hospital, Argentina
  2. 2Argentine Association of Psychiatry (AAP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
  3. 3Argentine Association of Biological Psychiatry (AAPB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
  4. 4José T. Borda Hospital, Argentina
  5. 5University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
  6. 6National University of Tucuman, Argentina
  7. 7Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
  8. 8Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
  9. 9Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  10. 10German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  11. 11Einstein Center for Population Diversity (ECPD), Berlin, Germany
  12. 12Einstein Center for Youth Mental Health (ECYM), Berlin, Germany
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Abstract

Objectives: To report prevalence, severity and clinical and inflammatory correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study included adult outpatients with schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder. Assessments included the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity Scale-Revised, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), and inflammatory markers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index: platelets × neutrophils)/lymphocytes). Analyses compared patients with (SCZ + PTSD) versus without PTSD (SCZ-PTSD) across demographic, clinical, and biological variables.

Results: SCZ + PTSD had higher PANSS-total scores (80.7 ± 19.5 vs. 71.6 ± 17.1; p = 0.003), more comorbid depression (73.8% vs. 23.3%; p < .001), higher CDSS scores (9.5 ± 4.9 vs. 3.2 ± 4.1; p < .001), more frequent suicide attempts (40.5% vs. 23.0%; p = 0.05), lower GAF scores (39.8 ± 12.3 vs. 49.6 ± 12.3; p < .001) and more medical comorbidities (51.1% vs. 42.8%; p = .014). Inflammatory markers did not differ significantly between groups. Logistic regression analyses identified higher CDSS scores (OR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.15, 1.36], p < .001) and lower GAF scores (OR = 0.96, 95% CI [0.93, 0.99], p = .007) as significant correlates of PTSD (r2 = 0.22).

Conclusions: PTSD is common and clinically relevant in people with schizophrenia, underscoring the need for routine screening and targeted interventions in this population.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{ramirez2026prevalence,
  title = {{Prevalence, severity, and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder in 205 outpatients with schizophrenia: results from a cross-sectional, observational study assessing diagnoses via the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview}},
  author = {Julieta Ramirez and María Delfina Tavella and German Weisbrot and Ricardo Corral and Adrian Cabrera and Alejo Corrales and José Gramajo and Nora Crespi and Christoph U. Correll},
  journal = {CNS Spectrums},
  year = {2026},
  month = jun,
  doi = {10.1017/s1092852926101035},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852926101035},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prevalence, severity, and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder in 205 outpatients with schizophrenia: results from a cross-sectional, observational study assessing diagnoses via the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview
AU  - Julieta Ramirez
AU  - María Delfina Tavella
AU  - German Weisbrot
AU  - Ricardo Corral
AU  - Adrian Cabrera
AU  - Alejo Corrales
AU  - José Gramajo
AU  - Nora Crespi
AU  - Christoph U. Correll
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/06/17
JO  - CNS Spectrums
DO  - 10.1017/s1092852926101035
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852926101035
AB  - Objectives: To report prevalence, severity and clinical and inflammatory correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in patients with schizophrenia.  Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study included adult outpatients with schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder. Assessments included the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity Scale-Revised, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), and inflammatory markers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index: platelets × neutrophils)/lymphocytes). Analyses compared patients with (SCZ + PTSD) versus without PTSD (SCZ-PTSD) across demographic, clinical, and biological variables.  Results: SCZ + PTSD had higher PANSS-total scores (80.7 ± 19.5 vs. 71.6 ± 17.1; p = 0.003), more comorbid depression (73.8% vs. 23.3%; p < .001), higher CDSS scores (9.5 ± 4.9 vs. 3.2 ± 4.1; p < .001), more frequent suicide attempts (40.5% vs. 23.0%; p = 0.05), lower GAF scores (39.8 ± 12.3 vs. 49.6 ± 12.3; p < .001) and more medical comorbidities (51.1% vs. 42.8%; p = .014). Inflammatory markers did not differ significantly between groups. Logistic regression analyses identified higher CDSS scores (OR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.15, 1.36], p < .001) and lower GAF scores (OR = 0.96, 95% CI [0.93, 0.99], p = .007) as significant correlates of PTSD (r2 = 0.22).  Conclusions: PTSD is common and clinically relevant in people with schizophrenia, underscoring the need for routine screening and targeted interventions in this population.
SN  - 1092-8529
SN  - 2165-6509
ER  -